The level of cotton production is inseparable from the level of fertilization. The amount of fertilizer applied is small, which can not meet the growth needs. The excessive application of fertilizer not only causes loss and waste, but also increases production cost. Rational fertilization can promote the stable growth of cotton and increase cotton yield and fertilizer utilization rate.
First, the fertilizer requirement of cotton
1. Cotton needs more nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in its lifetime. It also needs trace elements such as manganese, boron, zinc and sulfur. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is required to be 3:1:3. This value is in different regions. There will be changes under different natural parts. The latest figures show that the ratio is 8:3:6. It can be seen that the demand for nitrogen and potassium in cotton is always higher than the demand for phosphorus.
2. The flowering and bolling period is the period of most fertilizer demand in cotton. From flowering to boll opening, the nitrogen absorbed by cotton plants accounts for more than 60% of the whole growth period, and the absorbed phosphorus and potassium account for 70% of the total absorption. the above. Therefore, the application of flower and bell fertilizer is a key measure to fight for peaches and peaches.
3. The time, quantity, type and method of the application should be combined with the specific growth conditions.
In dry years, sandy soil, soil moisture content is small, fertilizer efficiency is difficult to play, cotton plant growth is weak, flower bells are applied early and reapplied, and can be applied at the initial flowering stage; leap year, cohesive soil, soil fertility, and vigorously growing cotton fields, It should be postponed until there are 1-2 bells in the lower part of the cotton plant. Pay attention to less application and deep application. Otherwise, the lower part is not easy to seat peach.
Second, the current problems of cotton farmers in fertilization
1. Less organic fertilizer input
The organic fertilizer has comprehensive nutrient content and balanced fertilizer efficiency. At the same time, it can loosen the soil and enhance the water retention and fertilizer retention performance of the soil. At present, cotton farmers' organic fertilizers generally have a small amount of input, and even do not apply organic fertilizer, resulting in soil compaction, poor gas permeability, serious leakage and leakage, affecting cotton growth and development, and the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers is also greatly reduced.
2. Large amount of chemical fertilizer input
Some cotton farmers still have the misunderstanding that "the more fertilizer is applied, the higher the yield", and the input of chemical fertilizer is large. According to the survey, some cotton farmers only invest 170-180 yuan per mu. In this way, excessive fertilization is likely to cause the loss of nitrogen fertilizer, and the phosphate fertilizer is wasted by resources such as soil fixation, resulting in a decrease in the input-output ratio.
3. Not enough knowledge about the nature, function and composition of fertilizers.
According to the survey, the amount of potassium chloride used is much higher than the amount of potassium sulfate used, but farmers should be reminded that salt and alkali should not be applied with potassium chloride, so as not to aggravate salt damage.
4, the ability to identify the authenticity of fertilizer needs to be improved
The qualified fertilizers circulating in the market shall be the “three certificates†complete fertilizer products marked with the fertilizer registration certificate number, the production permit number and the product standard number, and indicate the effective ingredient name, nutrient content and net weight of the fertilizer. It is recommended that farmers' friends pay attention to the purchase before buying, and try to buy them in the reputable fertilizer distribution department. Don't be cheap and lose big.
Third, fertilization advice
1. Add organic fertilizer: Avoid the source of fertilizer, make full use of straw stacking, pond silt, human and animal manure, cake fertilizer, etc., apply 3-5 square meters of organic fertilizer, or 2-3 square meters of high-quality chicken manure.
2. Formula fertilization: According to the fertilizer requirement of cotton, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are combined to avoid single fertilization. Generally, 10-15 kg of diammonium and 10-15 kg of urea are applied per mu. If the concentration of compound fertilizer is low, the dosage can be increased appropriately.
3, heavy application of flower bell fertilizer, supplement application of top fertilizer: on the basis of the application of the base fertilizer, 10-15 kg of urea, about 5 kg of potassium sulfate, before and after the fall, in order to increase the autumn peach, in the middle of August to apply a cover Top fertilizer, 5-10 kg of urea per acre.
4, root dressing: the premature senescence caused by potassium deficiency in the soil before and after the initial flowering period combined with the treatment of insect roots outside the spraying of potassium chloride 2-3 times, each mu amount of about 0.1 kg, the general cotton field late growth, in order to maintain and extend the leaf function Period, increase the boll weight per acre with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1%-2% urea solution or zinc fertilizer, boron fertilizer, etc. for external application, once a week, continuous spraying 2-3 times, can effectively prevent Premature aging of cotton.
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