Eggplant is an annual herb that is a perennial shrub in the tropics. The root system of eggplant is developed, the root system of the adult plant is more than 1.5 meters deep, and the lateral diameter of the root system is more than 1 meter. The root system of the eggplant cultivated in the protected area is mainly distributed in the plough layer of 0-30 cm. The regeneration ability of eggplant roots is poor, and lignification is earlier, and it is not suitable for multiple transplants. Eggplant has stricter temperature requirements, slower to grow below 17 °C, physiological metabolic disorders below 10 °C, and fall below 15 °C. The suitable temperature for flower bud differentiation is 2O°C-25°C, and 15°C-20°C at night. When the temperature is low, the flower bud differentiation is delayed, but the long column flower is more; on the contrary, under the condition of high temperature, the flower bud differentiation is early. However, the proportion of the middle column flower and the short column flower increased, especially for the high night temperature and short column flower. Fertility temperature is 22 ° C -3 O ° C, white 25 ° C - 28 ° C, night 16 ° C - 20 ° C is conducive to eggplant development.
First, the characteristics of eggplant needs fertilizer
Eggplant is a favorite fertilizer crop, and the soil condition and fertilization level have a great influence on the fruit setting rate of eggplant. When the nutritional conditions are good, there are few flowers falling, malnutrition will increase the short-column flower, the flower is poorly developed, and it is not suitable for fruit. In addition, the nutritional status also affects the location of flowering. When the nutrition is sufficient, the branches of the flowering part can spread 4-5 leaves. When the nutrition is poor, the leaves are few and the flower is increased. The absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by eggplant increased with the prolongation of growth period. The absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in seedling stage was only 0.05%, 0.07% and 0.09% of the total amount. At the beginning of flowering, the amount of absorption gradually increased, and the absorption of nutrients from the fruiting period to the unsuccessful period accounted for more than 90% of the whole period, and the fruiting period accounted for about 2/3. The nutrient requirements are different in each growth period. The fertilizer in the early growth stage mainly promotes the vegetative growth of the plants. As the growth period progresses, the nutrient transport to the flowers and fruits increases. During the flowering period, the absorption of nitrogen and potassium increased significantly. In this period, if the nitrogen is insufficient, the flower is poorly developed, the short-column flower increases, and the yield decreases. The production of 1000 kg of eggplant requires 3.2 kg of pure nitrogen, 0.94 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 4.5 kg of potassium oxide. The yield of eggplant is 4000-5000 kg per mu, which requires purely 12.8-16 kg, phosphorus pentoxide 3.8-4.7 kg, and potassium oxide 18-22.5 kg.
Second, eggplant fertilization technology
l. The seedling stage of the seedling-fertilizer eggplant has higher requirements on the quality of the nutrient soil. Only the high-quality nutrient soil can cultivate the strong seedlings with short internodes, thick stems and developed roots. Generally, it is required to apply 200 kg of decomposed and sieved organic fertilizer, 5 kg of superphosphate, and 1.5 kg of potassium sulfate on a seedbed of 11 square meters, and mix the bed soil with organic fertilizer and fertilizer. If nutrient soil is used for seedling cultivation, organic fertilizer mixed with 4/5 decomposed horse manure and 1/5 decomposed manure can be added to the vegetable garden soil. The preparation method of tomato seedling nutrient soil can also be referred to. If you encounter low temperature or insufficient soil fertility, spray 0.3%-0.5% aqueous urea solution. In order to effectively prevent squatting, the soil can be covered. The medicinal soil is made by mixing 50% carbendazim or thiophanate 8-10 g with 12 kg of nutrients. The soil can be sprinkled on the bed surface one by one before the seedlings are unearthed, or 2/3 on the bed before planting, and 1/3 on the seeds when planting. Sometimes the drug has an inhibitory effect on the root growth of the seedlings. Once the inhibition occurs, a large number of waterings can be relieved.
2. The base fertilizer eggplant is susceptible to verticillium wilt, and the protected area of ​​cultivated eggplant should be avoided. If the barrier time is short, it must be disinfected in a protective manner. Calculated according to the space inside the protected area, 4.0 g of sulfur per square meter, 0.1 g of 80% dichlorvos, 8.0 g of sawdust were mixed and ignited, and then vented for 24 hours. After disinfection, the protected area is 5,000-60 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu, plus 25-35 kg of superphosphate and 15-20 kg of potassium sulfate, evenly spread on the surface of the soil, and evenly blended into the ground. Plow the soil.
3. Before the topdressing of the eggplant, the organic fertilizer is 5000 kg and the phosphate fertilizer is 25-35 kg. When the "door eggplant" reaches the "eye-opening period" (when the ovary expands to expose the flower after the flower is fertilized), the fruit begins to grow rapidly, and the first top dressing is performed at this time. Apply 4-5 kg ​​of pure nitrogen (9-11 kg of urea or 20-25 kg of ammonium sulfate), and carry out the second top dressing when the fruit of 'toxin' is inflated. When the "four-faced bucket" begins to develop, it is the eggplant to be served. At the peak, the third top dressing is carried out. The amount of top dressing is the same for the first three times, and the amount of top dressing can be halved or not.
First, the characteristics of eggplant needs fertilizer
Eggplant is a favorite fertilizer crop, and the soil condition and fertilization level have a great influence on the fruit setting rate of eggplant. When the nutritional conditions are good, there are few flowers falling, malnutrition will increase the short-column flower, the flower is poorly developed, and it is not suitable for fruit. In addition, the nutritional status also affects the location of flowering. When the nutrition is sufficient, the branches of the flowering part can spread 4-5 leaves. When the nutrition is poor, the leaves are few and the flower is increased. The absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by eggplant increased with the prolongation of growth period. The absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in seedling stage was only 0.05%, 0.07% and 0.09% of the total amount. At the beginning of flowering, the amount of absorption gradually increased, and the absorption of nutrients from the fruiting period to the unsuccessful period accounted for more than 90% of the whole period, and the fruiting period accounted for about 2/3. The nutrient requirements are different in each growth period. The fertilizer in the early growth stage mainly promotes the vegetative growth of the plants. As the growth period progresses, the nutrient transport to the flowers and fruits increases. During the flowering period, the absorption of nitrogen and potassium increased significantly. In this period, if the nitrogen is insufficient, the flower is poorly developed, the short-column flower increases, and the yield decreases. The production of 1000 kg of eggplant requires 3.2 kg of pure nitrogen, 0.94 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 4.5 kg of potassium oxide. The yield of eggplant is 4000-5000 kg per mu, which requires purely 12.8-16 kg, phosphorus pentoxide 3.8-4.7 kg, and potassium oxide 18-22.5 kg.
Second, eggplant fertilization technology
l. The seedling stage of the seedling-fertilizer eggplant has higher requirements on the quality of the nutrient soil. Only the high-quality nutrient soil can cultivate the strong seedlings with short internodes, thick stems and developed roots. Generally, it is required to apply 200 kg of decomposed and sieved organic fertilizer, 5 kg of superphosphate, and 1.5 kg of potassium sulfate on a seedbed of 11 square meters, and mix the bed soil with organic fertilizer and fertilizer. If nutrient soil is used for seedling cultivation, organic fertilizer mixed with 4/5 decomposed horse manure and 1/5 decomposed manure can be added to the vegetable garden soil. The preparation method of tomato seedling nutrient soil can also be referred to. If you encounter low temperature or insufficient soil fertility, spray 0.3%-0.5% aqueous urea solution. In order to effectively prevent squatting, the soil can be covered. The medicinal soil is made by mixing 50% carbendazim or thiophanate 8-10 g with 12 kg of nutrients. The soil can be sprinkled on the bed surface one by one before the seedlings are unearthed, or 2/3 on the bed before planting, and 1/3 on the seeds when planting. Sometimes the drug has an inhibitory effect on the root growth of the seedlings. Once the inhibition occurs, a large number of waterings can be relieved.
2. The base fertilizer eggplant is susceptible to verticillium wilt, and the protected area of ​​cultivated eggplant should be avoided. If the barrier time is short, it must be disinfected in a protective manner. Calculated according to the space inside the protected area, 4.0 g of sulfur per square meter, 0.1 g of 80% dichlorvos, 8.0 g of sawdust were mixed and ignited, and then vented for 24 hours. After disinfection, the protected area is 5,000-60 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu, plus 25-35 kg of superphosphate and 15-20 kg of potassium sulfate, evenly spread on the surface of the soil, and evenly blended into the ground. Plow the soil.
3. Before the topdressing of the eggplant, the organic fertilizer is 5000 kg and the phosphate fertilizer is 25-35 kg. When the "door eggplant" reaches the "eye-opening period" (when the ovary expands to expose the flower after the flower is fertilized), the fruit begins to grow rapidly, and the first top dressing is performed at this time. Apply 4-5 kg ​​of pure nitrogen (9-11 kg of urea or 20-25 kg of ammonium sulfate), and carry out the second top dressing when the fruit of 'toxin' is inflated. When the "four-faced bucket" begins to develop, it is the eggplant to be served. At the peak, the third top dressing is carried out. The amount of top dressing is the same for the first three times, and the amount of top dressing can be halved or not.
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