A grating scale, also known as a grating scale displacement sensor (grating scale sensor), is a measurement feedback device that operates using the optical principle of a grating. The grating ruler is often used in the closed-loop servo system of numerical control machine tools and can be used for the detection of linear displacement or angular displacement. The signal output by the measurement is a digital pulse, which has the characteristics of large detection range, high detection precision and fast response speed. For example, in CNC machine tools, it is often used to detect the coordinates of the tool and the workpiece to observe and track the error of the tool to play a role in compensating the motion error of the tool.
The grating ruler displacement sensor is flexible to install and can be installed in different parts of the machine.
Generally, the main ruler is mounted on the working table (slideboard) of the machine tool, and the random bed is moved by the knife. The reading head is fixed on the bed body, and the reading head is installed under the main ruler as much as possible. The choice of installation method must pay attention to the direction of splashing of cutting chips, cutting fluid and oil. If it is necessary to install the readhead head up due to the mounting position limitation, the auxiliary seal must be added. In addition, in general, the readhead should be installed as far as possible on the stationary part of the machine. At this time, the output wire is not easy to be fixed, and the ruler should be mounted on the moving part of the machine (such as a skateboard).
1, grating ruler displacement sensor mounting base
When installing the scale sensor, the sensor cannot be mounted directly on a rough machine, or on a machine that is primed. The grating main ruler and the readhead are respectively mounted on two parts of the relative movement of the machine tool. Use a dial gauge to check the parallelism of the direction in which the main ruler mounting surface of the machine table is moving. The dial gauge is fixed on the bed, and the moving table is required to reach a parallelism of 0.1 mm/1000 mm. If this requirement is not met, a scale base must be designed and machined.
The pedestal requires: (1) A pedestal equal to the length of the grating ruler should be added (preferably the base is about 50 mm long). (2) The pedestal is processed by milling and grinding to ensure that the plane parallelism is within 0.1mm/1000mm. In addition, a readhead base that is as tall as the base of the ruler is required. The total error of the base of the readhead and the base of the ruler shall not exceed ±0.2mm. During installation, adjust the position of the reading head to achieve a parallelism of about 0.1 mm between the reading head and the scale body, and the distance between the reading head and the scale body is about 1-1.5 mm.
2, grating ruler displacement sensor main ruler installation
Use the M4 screw on the table mounting surface of the machine tool, but do not tighten it, fix the dial gauge to the bed, and move the table (the main ruler and the workbench move at the same time). Use a dial gauge to measure the parallelism between the main ruler plane and the direction of movement of the machine guide rail. Adjust the position of the main ruler M4 screw so that the parallelism of the main ruler is within 0.1mm/1000mm, and tighten the M2 screw completely.
When installing the grating master rule, you should pay attention to the following three points:
(1) When installing the main ruler, if the grating of more than 1.5M is installed, it is not possible to install only the two ends of the bridge like the bridge type, and it is necessary to have support in the entire ruler body.
(2) After installing with a pedestal, it is best to use a clip to catch the midpoint (or a few points) of the ruler.
(3) When the clamp cannot be installed, it is best to stick the grating ruler with glass glue to fix the base ruler and the main ruler.
3. Installation of the grating head displacement sensor readhead
When installing the readhead, first ensure that the base of the readhead meets the installation requirements, and then install the readhead, which is mounted similarly to the main ruler. Finally, the read head is adjusted so that the parallelism between the read head and the grating main rule is within 0.1 mm, and the gap between the read head and the main ruler is controlled within 1 to 1.5 mm.
4, grating ruler displacement sensor limit device
After the grating line displacement sensor is completely installed, it is necessary to install a limit device on the machine guide rail to prevent the reading head from colliding with the two ends of the main ruler when the machine product is moved, thereby damaging the grating scale. In addition, when selecting the grating line displacement sensor, the user should try to use a grating scale that exceeds the processing size of the machine by about 100mm to leave a margin.
5, grating ruler displacement sensor inspection
After the grating line displacement sensor is installed, the digital display can be turned on, and the work table can be moved to observe whether the digital display is normal.
Select a reference position on the machine and move the work point back and forth to the selected position. The readings of the digital display should be the same (or zero). Alternatively, use a dial gauge (or dial indicator) to adjust the dial gauge and the digital display to zero (or memory start data). Return to the initial position after multiple round trips, observe the digital display and the thousand points. Whether the data in the table is consistent.
Through the above work, the installation of the grating ruler displacement sensor is completed. However, for general machine tool processing environments, there are more iron filings, cutting fluids and oil stains. Therefore, the sensor should be equipped with a protective cover. The design of the shield is determined according to the shape of the sensor and the space is enlarged. The shield is usually sealed with rubber to make it waterproof and oil resistant.
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