The expert group of soil testing and formula fertilization technology of the Ministry of Agriculture based on the characteristics of fertilizers for main crops in summer, and based on the results of soil testing and formula fertilization projects, researched and formulated the “Guidelines for Scientific Fertilization of Main Crops in Summer 2011†to guide localities to determine different regions according to local conditions. Rational fertilization of different crops, optimization of fertilization period, scientific fertilization method to improve fertilizer utilization.
I. Guidance on scientific fertilization of southern double-season late rice
1. Fertilization principle
(1) Total nitrogen fertilizer control, applied in stages, appropriate reduction of base fertilizer, increase of tiller fertilizer and ear fertilizer.
(2) Deep application of base fertilizer, topdressing "with water with nitrogen". (3) Add organic fertilizer and promote straw returning.
(4) According to the soil potassium condition, the potassium fertilizer is applied efficiently; pay attention to the combined application of zinc, boron and silicon fertilizer.
2. Fertilization amount and proportion
(1) In the field with a target output of 500 kg/mu or more, apply nitrogen fertilizer (compound, the same below) 12 to 14 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 4 to 5 kg/mu, and potassium fertilizer (K2O) 5 to 7 kg. /mu; the target yield of 400 ~ 500 kg / a field of the application of nitrogen fertilizer (N) 10 ~ 12 kg / acre, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 3 ~ 4 kg / mu, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 4 ~ 6 kg / acre; yield For the field of 400 kg/mu or less, the application of nitrogen fertilizer (N) is 8-10 kg/mu, the phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) is 2~3 kg/mu, and the potassium fertilizer (K2O) is 2~3 kg/mu.
(2) 40% to 50% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, 20% to 30% is used as fertilizer, 30% is used for panicle fertilizer; phosphate fertilizer is used as base fertilizer; potassium fertilizer is generally applied as base fertilizer, and the target yield is 500 kg/mu or more. In the field, 70% of potash is used as base fertilizer and 30% is used as ear fertilizer.
(3) In the fields where straw is returned to the field all year round, the amount of potassium fertilizer can be appropriately reduced; zinc deficiency and boron-deficient fields are supplemented with 1 kg/mu of zinc sulfate and borax respectively; suitable application of silicon fertilizer is generally about 10 kg/mu.
3. Precautions
(1) Straw returning to the field. After the early rice harvest, the straw is directly spread evenly in situ, and the bottom fertilizer and the straw decomposing agent are immediately applied to the paddy field for 5-7 days. No-tillage throwing or rotary tiller is used to rotate the whole field to insert late rice, and the average per acre of straw Returning the amount of 300 to 400 kg.
(2) Acid soil improvement. Lime or alkaline soil conditioner is applied in the field with soil pH value of 5.5, and the application of lime is generally 50-70 kg/mu.
(3) Increase the thickness of the plough layer. In the field with thin ploughing, deep ploughing measures should be taken to break the bottom of the plough; in overly fertile fields or sloping paddy fields, ridge cultivation measures should be taken to increase the effective ploughing layer, coordinate the water and fertilizer, and promote rice. Growing.
2. Guiding opinions on scientific fertilization of double-season late rice in South China
1. Fertilization principle
(1) Total nitrogen fertilizer control, reduce the amount of nitrogen applied in the early stage, increase the amount of nitrogen applied in the middle and late stages, and increase the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer.
(2) Reasonable ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, organic and inorganic
Combine and promote straw returning to the field. 2. Fertilization amount and proportion
(1) In the case of 450-550 kg per mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) is recommended to be 9 to 11 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) is 2 to 3 kg/mu, and potassium fertilizer (K2O) is 5 to 8 kg/mu.
(2) Nitrogen application in divided applications, base fertilizer accounts for 40% to 50%, tiller fertilizer accounts for 20% to 25%, panicle fertilizer accounts for 20% to 30%, and granular fertilizer accounts for 5% to 10%; organic fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer are all applied; 60% of potash is used as base fertilizer and 40% is used as ear fertilizer.
(3) The annual return of straw to the field, the amount of potassium fertilizer can be reduced by 30%.
3. Precautions
(1) Acid soil improvement. Lime or alkaline soil conditioner is applied in the field with soil pH value of 5.5, and the application of lime is generally 50-70 kg/mu.
(2) Straw returning to the field. After the early rice harvest, all the straws are directly and evenly spread in situ. After the base fertilizer and the straw decomposing agent are applied at the same time, the irrigated paddy fields are irrigated for 5-7 days, and no-tillage throwing or rotary tiller is used to rotate the arable land to transplant late rice, and the amount of straw returning is 300. ~ 400 kg / mu.
(3) Increase the thickness of the plough layer. In the field with thin ploughing, deep ploughing measures should be taken to break the bottom of the plough; in overly fertile fields or sloping paddy fields, ridge cultivation measures should be taken to increase the effective ploughing layer, coordinate the water and fertilizer, and promote rice. Growing.
Third, the North China Plain summer corn scientific fertilization guidance
1. Fertilization principle
(1) According to the results of soil testing and formula fertilization, the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer is controlled and staged.
(2) According to the soil potassium condition, the potassium fertilizer is applied efficiently; attention is paid to the combined application of trace elements such as zinc.
(3) Promote the return of straw to the field and fertilize the soil.
(4) Deep application of fertilizer, combined with high-yield and high-quality cultivation techniques.
2. Fertilization amount and proportion
(1) In the field with a target output of 800 kg/mu or more, it is recommended that nitrogen fertilizer (N) 16-18 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 6-8 kg/mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) 5-8 kg/mu, sulfuric acid Zinc 1~2 kg/mu; field level 600~800 kg/mu field, recommended nitrogen fertilizer (N) 14~16 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 4~6 kg/mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) 4~7 Kg/mu, zinc sulphate 1~2 kg/mu; yield level 400-600 kg/mu field, recommended nitrogen fertilizer (N) 12~14 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 3~5 kg/mu, potash fertilizer K2O) 0~5 kg/mu, zinc sulphate 1 kg/mu; field with a yield level of 400 kg/mu or less, recommended nitrogen fertilizer (N) 10~12 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 2~3 kg/mu, Potassium fertilizer (K2O) 0 ~ 3 kg / mu.
(2) 30% to 50% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer for base fertilizer or seedling stage topdressing, 50% to 70% for topping and filling stage, and when the total nitrogen (N) dosage exceeds 14 kg/mu, it is divided twice. When the dosage is low, only the big bell mouth is used for top dressing; phosphorus, potassium fertilizer and zinc fertilizer are all applied as base fertilizer. For the field where the former crops have more phosphorus or the soil is available for phosphorus, the amount of phosphate fertilizer is appropriately reduced.
3. Precautions
Wheat straw returned to the field. Use the tillage machine to turn the wheat straw into the soil, and the depth of the pressing is 8~10cm. If it is a two-year ripening area, the rotary tiller can be used to complete the straw back-up and the summer crop planting.
Fourth, the northern potato scientific fertilization guidance
1. Fertilization principle
(1) Add organic fertilizer and promote organic and inorganic cooperation.
(2) According to the soil fertility conditions, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be appropriately adjusted.
(3) Nitrogen and potassium fertilizers are applied in stages, and the proportion and dosage of the medium-term fertility are appropriately increased.
(4) Fertilizer application of potatoes in the arid regions of northern China should be combined with irrigation techniques and comprehensive cultivation techniques.
2. Fertilization amount and proportion
(1) Using sprinkler irrigation or conventional irrigation technology, when the target yield of potato tubers is 2000-2500 kg/mu, 2000 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer is applied, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 15-18 kg, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 6-8 kg, potassium fertilizer ( K2O) 18 to 20 kg.
(2) Using drip irrigation technology, when the target yield of potato pieces is 2000-2500 kg/mu, on the basis of 2000 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer, the application of nitrogen fertilizer (N) 13-15 kg, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 5-6 kg, potash fertilizer (K2O) 15 to 18 kg.
(3) Under the condition of no irrigation, when the target yield of potato pieces is 1000 kg/mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) is 7-8 kg, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) is 3~4 kg, and potassium fertilizer (K2O) is 8-10 kg.
(4) Using sprinkler irrigation and conventional irrigation, 30% of nitrogen fertilizer is used as seed fertilizer, 60% is used in the bud stage, 10% is used in the flowering period; phosphate fertilizer is used as the seed fertilizer; potassium fertilizer is used as the base fertilizer or base pursuit (now Bud period) half. Using drip irrigation technology, 10% of nitrogen fertilizer is applied at the seedling stage, 80% is applied in the bud to full bloom period, 10% is applied at the end of the flowering stage; all the phosphate fertilizer is used as the seed fertilizer; the potassium fertilizer can be applied in different times, and the center of gravity is more suitable than the nitrogen fertilizer. shift. The fertilizer used for drip fertigation should be a fertilizer with good solubility.
V. Banana scientific fertilization guidance
1. Fertilization principle
(1) The regulation of fertilization must implement the principle of “different application and application in key periodsâ€.
(2) Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be applied in combination. In the second half of banana growth, potassium fertilizer should be applied and nitrogen supply should be controlled.
(3) In the fertilization period, we should grasp the different principles of the old and new banana gardens, and promote the seedling fertilizer, attack and bud fertilizer, promote bud fertilizer and strong fruit fertilizer for the new planting banana plant; Bud fertilizer, attacking bud fertilizer, promoting bud fertilizer and strong fruit fertilizer.
(4) Fertilization and irrigation, using fertigation techniques to reduce fertilizer input as appropriate
30%.
(5) Increasing the application quantity and frequency of foliar fertilizer to meet the demand for trace elements in bananas; adding lime to adjust soil pH, supplementing soil calcium nutrition and killing harmful bacteria.
2. Fertilization amount and proportion
(1) The banana orchard with an output of more than 5,000 kg per mu, applying organic fertilizer 3 to 5 square meters/mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 45 to 55 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 17 to 25 kg/mu, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 90~ 110 kg /
Mu; 3,000-5,000 kilograms of banana plantation per mu, applying organic fertilizer 3 square meters/mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 30-45 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 8-15 kg/mu, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 60-90 kg / acre; banana plantation of less than 3,000 kg per mu, applying organic fertilizer 3 square / mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 18 ~ 30 kg / mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 6 ~ 8 kg / mu, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 33 ~ 47 kg /mu.
(2) Acid soil improvement. Before planting, apply 30-60 kg of lime per acre, 25-30 kg of magnesium sulfate, and mix it with organic fertilizer. For the orchard lacking boron and zinc, 0.5-0.75 kg of borax and 1~1.5 kg of zinc sulfate per acre.
(3) The vegetative body fertilization amount accounts for 30% of the total fertilization amount, the bud period accounts for 40% to 45%, and the fruit development to the harvest period accounts for 25% to 30%. The fertilization frequency of bananas is suitable for 12 to 15 times throughout the year, including 4 to 5 times of heavy fertilizer and 7 to 10 times of thin fertilizer. The integration of water and fertilizer can increase the number of fertilization.
3. Late fertilizer application management
(1) Fertilization management due to the growth of the land.
(2) The new planting banana strong bud fertilizer applies 90 kg of urea per mu, 120 kg of potassium chloride, or 200 kg of low-nitrogen and high-potassium compound fertilizer with equivalent nutrient, applied in 4 to 5 times, every half month. Once; strong fruit fertilizer per mu applied 20 kg of urea, 50 kg of potassium chloride, 20 kg of calcium nitrate, applied in 2 times.
(3) Spring planting banana in transplanting, late May, July-August flower bud differentiation period, November strong fruit fertilizer is the key to fertilization, should be focused on distribution, a small number of multiple fertilization; summer and autumn planting banana in late October, early March The flower bud differentiation period from May to July is a critical period of fertilization.
(4) Pay attention to the integrated management of water and fertilizer. The trace elements boron and zinc are mainly supplemented by foliar fertilization. Spraying 3 to 4 times in the whole growth period, spraying once in 22 leaves, 28 leaves, 32 leaves and 38 leaves.
Six, vegetable science fertilization guidance
(1) Processing of tomatoes in the Northwest
1. Fertilization principle
(1) Add organic fertilizer and promote organic and inorganic application.
(2) According to the soil nutrient status, the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer should be appropriately adjusted to increase the proportion of potassium fertilizer in the base fertilizer.
(3) Advocating the integrated technology of water and fertilizer under drip irrigation under film, the amount of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer can be reduced by 1/4 to 1/3 compared with general irrigation technology.
(4) In the initial stage, the appropriate amount of time should be applied or sprayed with boron fertilizer and calcium fertilizer.
2. Fertilization amount and proportion
(1) General furrow tomato garden, when the target output is 8000 kg/mu, apply nitrogen fertilizer (N) 18-20 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 8-10 kg/mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) 15-18 kg/mu; When the target output is 6000-8000 kg/mu, the application of nitrogen fertilizer (N) is 16-18 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) is 7-9 kg/mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) is 10-12 kg/mu; target yield is 4000-6000 kg. At the time of mu/mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) is 14~16 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) is 6-8 kg/mu, and potassium fertilizer (K2O) is 8-10 kg/mu.
(2) Under-film drip irrigation tomato garden, when the target output is 8000 kg/mu, apply nitrogen fertilizer (N) 12-15 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 7-8 kg/mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) 8-10 kg/mu When the target output is 6000-8000 kg/mu, nitrogen fertilizer is applied.
(N) 9 ~ 12 kg / mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 6 ~ 7 kg / mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) 7 ~ 9 kg / mu; target yield 4000 ~ 6000 kg / acre, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 10 ~ 12 Kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 5-6 kg/mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) 6-8 kg/mu.
(3) For irrigated tomato, 40% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, 30% is used as top dressing in full bloom period, 30% is used as top dressing in fruit expansion period; phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are all used as base fertilizer. Under the film drip irrigation tomato, 20% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer as base fertilizer, 80% for topdressing, chasing the first nitrogen fertilizer from the first ear flowering, chasing once every 5 to 7 days, for 6 times, the first 3 times each time The amount of each accounted for 15% to 20% of the total nitrogen, and the amount of fertilizer applied to each of the last three times each accounted for 10% to 15% of the total nitrogen; phosphate and potassium fertilizers were all used as base fertilizer, if there is good solubility of phosphorus, potassium fertilizer, membrane Under the condition of drip irrigation, about 40% of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can be used as top dressing.
(4) The initial foliar application of boron fertilizer and calcium fertilizer, each time using borax 0.05 kg / acre, water-soluble calcium fertilizer 0.15 kg / acre, 3 times in a row; spraying the leaf surface spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution 1 ~ 2 times, each time is 1 kg / mu.
(two) radish
1. Fertilization principle
(1) According to soil fertility and target yield, optimize the dosage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, pay special attention to adjust the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, and increase the application of potassium fertilizer.
(2) The content of trace elements such as manganese, zinc, boron and molybdenum in the calcareous soil in the north is low, and attention should be paid to the supplement of trace elements.
(3) Reasonable application of organic fertilizer can significantly increase radish yield and improve quality, but avoid using organic fertilizer that is not fully decomposed, and advocate the application of commercial organic fertilizer and decomposed farmyard manure.
2. Fertilization amount and proportion
(1) When the target output is 4500-5000 kg/mu, apply organic fertilizer 2~3 square/mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 15~18 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 5~7 kg/mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) 12~14 kg/mu; when the production level is 2500-3000 kg/mu, apply organic fertilizer 2~3 square/mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 10~13 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 4~6 kg/mu, potash (K2O) 10~12 kg/mu; when the production level is 1000~1500 kg/mu, apply organic fertilizer 1~2 square/mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 6~9 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 3~5 kg/ Mu, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 8 ~ 10 kg / mu. If the base fertilizer is not applied with organic fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 3 to 4 kg/mu and potassium fertilizer (K2O) 2 to 3 kg/mu may be added as appropriate.
(2) All organic fertilizers are applied as base fertilizer; 30% of the total nitrogen fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, 70% is applied as top dressing in the rosette stage and the fleshy root growth stage twice; the phosphate fertilizer is used as the base fertilizer; the potash fertilizer is used as the base fertilizer, or 2/ 3 is used as base fertilizer, and 1/3 is applied in the early stage of growth of fleshy roots.
(3) Boron deficiency field, 1 kg of borax per acre before planting, or 0.1%~0.5% borax or boric acid aqueous solution in the middle and late stages of radish growth (can also be mixed with pesticides), every 5~6 Spray once a day, even spray 2 or 3 times.
(three) carrot
1. Fertilization principle
(1) Carrot fertilization should follow the principle of base fertilizer, top dressing supplement, organic and inorganic combination, and a large amount of elemental nutrients in combination with medium and trace element nutrients.
(2) Pay attention to the application of high quality organic fertilizer, optional
Plant ash with high potassium content, poultry livestock manure, rapeseed cake, etc., avoid using organic fertilizer that is not fully decomposed.
(3) Efficient application of potassium fertilizer according to soil potassium status, and pay attention to the supplement of trace element nutrients such as calcium, boron and molybdenum.
2. Fertilization amount and proportion
(1) When the target output is 4000 kg/mu or more, apply organic fertilizer 3~4 square/mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 11~14 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 5-6 kg/mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) 16~ 18 kg/mu; when the production level is 2500-4000 kg/mu, apply organic fertilizer 2~3 square/mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 8~11 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 4~5 kg/mu, potash fertilizer ( K2O) 13~15 kg/mu; when the production level is below 2500 kg/mu, apply organic fertilizer 1~2 square/mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 6-8 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 3~4 kg/mu Potassium fertilizer (K2O) 10 ~ 13 kg / mu.
(2) All organic fertilizers and phosphate fertilizers are used as base fertilizers; 30% to 50% of total nitrogen fertilizers are used as base fertilizers, and the remaining two are used for topdressing; 2/3 of total potassium fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, and 1/3 is applied in the early stage of growth. .
(3) 25 to 30 days before harvest, using 2 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 100 kg of water per acre for top dressing; for boron-deficient soil, the concentration of each spray in the seedling stage, rosette stage and fleshy root expansion period is 0.2%. The borax solution is applied to the left and right; the ammonium molybdate solution having a concentration of 0.05% to 0.1% is sprayed twice to the molybdenum-deficient soil.
(4) Open field chili
1. Fertilization principle
(1) Pay attention to the application of high-quality organic fertilizer, organic and inorganic combination, a large number of elemental nutrients and medium and trace element nutrients.
(2) Control the excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer, especially during the flowering period (during the opening of the first flower to the second fruiting period), pay attention to controlling the application of nitrogen fertilizer to prevent falling flowers, fallen leaves and fruit falling.
(3) In the young fruit period and the harvesting period, it is necessary to replenish the quick-acting fertilizer in time to promote the expansion of the young fruit and promote the growth of the next batch of fruit.
(4) avoid wet soil topdressing, avoid topdressing at high temperature at noon, avoid too concentrated on topdressing.
2. Fertilization amount and proportion
(1) When the target output is 4000 kg/mu or more, apply 2~3 square meters/mu of decomposed organic fertilizer, 18~20 kg/mu of nitrogen fertilizer (N), 5-6 kg/mu of phosphate fertilizer (P2O5), and potassium fertilizer (K2O)13 ~ 15 kg / mu; when the production level is 2000 ~ 4000 kg / mu, the application of organic fertilizer 1 ~ 2 square / mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 15 ~ 18 kg / acre, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 4 ~ 5 kg / mu, potash (K2O) 10~12 kg/mu; when the output level is below 2000 kg/mu, the application of nitrogen fertilizer (N) 10~12 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 3~4 kg/mu, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 8~10 kg /mu.
(2) All organic fertilizers and phosphate fertilizers are used as base fertilizers; 30% to 40% of total nitrogen fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, and the rest is applied 4 to 5 times; 50% to 60% of total potassium fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, 40% to 50% For topdressing.
(3) When the soil is acidified, lime can be applied to adjust the pH of the soil, and calcium is added. The phosphate fertilizer is calcium magnesium phosphate. Plants and fruits may be sprayed with 0.3% calcium chloride solution when calcium deficiency symptoms occur; 1% to 2% magnesium sulfate solution may be sprayed when magnesium deficiency symptoms occur; 0.2% borax solution may be sprayed when boron deficiency symptoms occur . Foliar fertilizer once every other week for 2 to 3 times.
I. Guidance on scientific fertilization of southern double-season late rice
1. Fertilization principle
(1) Total nitrogen fertilizer control, applied in stages, appropriate reduction of base fertilizer, increase of tiller fertilizer and ear fertilizer.
(2) Deep application of base fertilizer, topdressing "with water with nitrogen". (3) Add organic fertilizer and promote straw returning.
(4) According to the soil potassium condition, the potassium fertilizer is applied efficiently; pay attention to the combined application of zinc, boron and silicon fertilizer.
2. Fertilization amount and proportion
(1) In the field with a target output of 500 kg/mu or more, apply nitrogen fertilizer (compound, the same below) 12 to 14 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 4 to 5 kg/mu, and potassium fertilizer (K2O) 5 to 7 kg. /mu; the target yield of 400 ~ 500 kg / a field of the application of nitrogen fertilizer (N) 10 ~ 12 kg / acre, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 3 ~ 4 kg / mu, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 4 ~ 6 kg / acre; yield For the field of 400 kg/mu or less, the application of nitrogen fertilizer (N) is 8-10 kg/mu, the phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) is 2~3 kg/mu, and the potassium fertilizer (K2O) is 2~3 kg/mu.
(2) 40% to 50% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, 20% to 30% is used as fertilizer, 30% is used for panicle fertilizer; phosphate fertilizer is used as base fertilizer; potassium fertilizer is generally applied as base fertilizer, and the target yield is 500 kg/mu or more. In the field, 70% of potash is used as base fertilizer and 30% is used as ear fertilizer.
(3) In the fields where straw is returned to the field all year round, the amount of potassium fertilizer can be appropriately reduced; zinc deficiency and boron-deficient fields are supplemented with 1 kg/mu of zinc sulfate and borax respectively; suitable application of silicon fertilizer is generally about 10 kg/mu.
3. Precautions
(1) Straw returning to the field. After the early rice harvest, the straw is directly spread evenly in situ, and the bottom fertilizer and the straw decomposing agent are immediately applied to the paddy field for 5-7 days. No-tillage throwing or rotary tiller is used to rotate the whole field to insert late rice, and the average per acre of straw Returning the amount of 300 to 400 kg.
(2) Acid soil improvement. Lime or alkaline soil conditioner is applied in the field with soil pH value of 5.5, and the application of lime is generally 50-70 kg/mu.
(3) Increase the thickness of the plough layer. In the field with thin ploughing, deep ploughing measures should be taken to break the bottom of the plough; in overly fertile fields or sloping paddy fields, ridge cultivation measures should be taken to increase the effective ploughing layer, coordinate the water and fertilizer, and promote rice. Growing.
2. Guiding opinions on scientific fertilization of double-season late rice in South China
1. Fertilization principle
(1) Total nitrogen fertilizer control, reduce the amount of nitrogen applied in the early stage, increase the amount of nitrogen applied in the middle and late stages, and increase the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer.
(2) Reasonable ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, organic and inorganic
Combine and promote straw returning to the field. 2. Fertilization amount and proportion
(1) In the case of 450-550 kg per mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) is recommended to be 9 to 11 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) is 2 to 3 kg/mu, and potassium fertilizer (K2O) is 5 to 8 kg/mu.
(2) Nitrogen application in divided applications, base fertilizer accounts for 40% to 50%, tiller fertilizer accounts for 20% to 25%, panicle fertilizer accounts for 20% to 30%, and granular fertilizer accounts for 5% to 10%; organic fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer are all applied; 60% of potash is used as base fertilizer and 40% is used as ear fertilizer.
(3) The annual return of straw to the field, the amount of potassium fertilizer can be reduced by 30%.
3. Precautions
(1) Acid soil improvement. Lime or alkaline soil conditioner is applied in the field with soil pH value of 5.5, and the application of lime is generally 50-70 kg/mu.
(2) Straw returning to the field. After the early rice harvest, all the straws are directly and evenly spread in situ. After the base fertilizer and the straw decomposing agent are applied at the same time, the irrigated paddy fields are irrigated for 5-7 days, and no-tillage throwing or rotary tiller is used to rotate the arable land to transplant late rice, and the amount of straw returning is 300. ~ 400 kg / mu.
(3) Increase the thickness of the plough layer. In the field with thin ploughing, deep ploughing measures should be taken to break the bottom of the plough; in overly fertile fields or sloping paddy fields, ridge cultivation measures should be taken to increase the effective ploughing layer, coordinate the water and fertilizer, and promote rice. Growing.
Third, the North China Plain summer corn scientific fertilization guidance
1. Fertilization principle
(1) According to the results of soil testing and formula fertilization, the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer is controlled and staged.
(2) According to the soil potassium condition, the potassium fertilizer is applied efficiently; attention is paid to the combined application of trace elements such as zinc.
(3) Promote the return of straw to the field and fertilize the soil.
(4) Deep application of fertilizer, combined with high-yield and high-quality cultivation techniques.
2. Fertilization amount and proportion
(1) In the field with a target output of 800 kg/mu or more, it is recommended that nitrogen fertilizer (N) 16-18 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 6-8 kg/mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) 5-8 kg/mu, sulfuric acid Zinc 1~2 kg/mu; field level 600~800 kg/mu field, recommended nitrogen fertilizer (N) 14~16 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 4~6 kg/mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) 4~7 Kg/mu, zinc sulphate 1~2 kg/mu; yield level 400-600 kg/mu field, recommended nitrogen fertilizer (N) 12~14 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 3~5 kg/mu, potash fertilizer K2O) 0~5 kg/mu, zinc sulphate 1 kg/mu; field with a yield level of 400 kg/mu or less, recommended nitrogen fertilizer (N) 10~12 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 2~3 kg/mu, Potassium fertilizer (K2O) 0 ~ 3 kg / mu.
(2) 30% to 50% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer for base fertilizer or seedling stage topdressing, 50% to 70% for topping and filling stage, and when the total nitrogen (N) dosage exceeds 14 kg/mu, it is divided twice. When the dosage is low, only the big bell mouth is used for top dressing; phosphorus, potassium fertilizer and zinc fertilizer are all applied as base fertilizer. For the field where the former crops have more phosphorus or the soil is available for phosphorus, the amount of phosphate fertilizer is appropriately reduced.
3. Precautions
Wheat straw returned to the field. Use the tillage machine to turn the wheat straw into the soil, and the depth of the pressing is 8~10cm. If it is a two-year ripening area, the rotary tiller can be used to complete the straw back-up and the summer crop planting.
Fourth, the northern potato scientific fertilization guidance
1. Fertilization principle
(1) Add organic fertilizer and promote organic and inorganic cooperation.
(2) According to the soil fertility conditions, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be appropriately adjusted.
(3) Nitrogen and potassium fertilizers are applied in stages, and the proportion and dosage of the medium-term fertility are appropriately increased.
(4) Fertilizer application of potatoes in the arid regions of northern China should be combined with irrigation techniques and comprehensive cultivation techniques.
2. Fertilization amount and proportion
(1) Using sprinkler irrigation or conventional irrigation technology, when the target yield of potato tubers is 2000-2500 kg/mu, 2000 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer is applied, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 15-18 kg, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 6-8 kg, potassium fertilizer ( K2O) 18 to 20 kg.
(2) Using drip irrigation technology, when the target yield of potato pieces is 2000-2500 kg/mu, on the basis of 2000 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer, the application of nitrogen fertilizer (N) 13-15 kg, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 5-6 kg, potash fertilizer (K2O) 15 to 18 kg.
(3) Under the condition of no irrigation, when the target yield of potato pieces is 1000 kg/mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) is 7-8 kg, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) is 3~4 kg, and potassium fertilizer (K2O) is 8-10 kg.
(4) Using sprinkler irrigation and conventional irrigation, 30% of nitrogen fertilizer is used as seed fertilizer, 60% is used in the bud stage, 10% is used in the flowering period; phosphate fertilizer is used as the seed fertilizer; potassium fertilizer is used as the base fertilizer or base pursuit (now Bud period) half. Using drip irrigation technology, 10% of nitrogen fertilizer is applied at the seedling stage, 80% is applied in the bud to full bloom period, 10% is applied at the end of the flowering stage; all the phosphate fertilizer is used as the seed fertilizer; the potassium fertilizer can be applied in different times, and the center of gravity is more suitable than the nitrogen fertilizer. shift. The fertilizer used for drip fertigation should be a fertilizer with good solubility.
V. Banana scientific fertilization guidance
1. Fertilization principle
(1) The regulation of fertilization must implement the principle of “different application and application in key periodsâ€.
(2) Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be applied in combination. In the second half of banana growth, potassium fertilizer should be applied and nitrogen supply should be controlled.
(3) In the fertilization period, we should grasp the different principles of the old and new banana gardens, and promote the seedling fertilizer, attack and bud fertilizer, promote bud fertilizer and strong fruit fertilizer for the new planting banana plant; Bud fertilizer, attacking bud fertilizer, promoting bud fertilizer and strong fruit fertilizer.
(4) Fertilization and irrigation, using fertigation techniques to reduce fertilizer input as appropriate
30%.
(5) Increasing the application quantity and frequency of foliar fertilizer to meet the demand for trace elements in bananas; adding lime to adjust soil pH, supplementing soil calcium nutrition and killing harmful bacteria.
2. Fertilization amount and proportion
(1) The banana orchard with an output of more than 5,000 kg per mu, applying organic fertilizer 3 to 5 square meters/mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 45 to 55 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 17 to 25 kg/mu, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 90~ 110 kg /
Mu; 3,000-5,000 kilograms of banana plantation per mu, applying organic fertilizer 3 square meters/mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 30-45 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 8-15 kg/mu, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 60-90 kg / acre; banana plantation of less than 3,000 kg per mu, applying organic fertilizer 3 square / mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 18 ~ 30 kg / mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 6 ~ 8 kg / mu, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 33 ~ 47 kg /mu.
(2) Acid soil improvement. Before planting, apply 30-60 kg of lime per acre, 25-30 kg of magnesium sulfate, and mix it with organic fertilizer. For the orchard lacking boron and zinc, 0.5-0.75 kg of borax and 1~1.5 kg of zinc sulfate per acre.
(3) The vegetative body fertilization amount accounts for 30% of the total fertilization amount, the bud period accounts for 40% to 45%, and the fruit development to the harvest period accounts for 25% to 30%. The fertilization frequency of bananas is suitable for 12 to 15 times throughout the year, including 4 to 5 times of heavy fertilizer and 7 to 10 times of thin fertilizer. The integration of water and fertilizer can increase the number of fertilization.
3. Late fertilizer application management
(1) Fertilization management due to the growth of the land.
(2) The new planting banana strong bud fertilizer applies 90 kg of urea per mu, 120 kg of potassium chloride, or 200 kg of low-nitrogen and high-potassium compound fertilizer with equivalent nutrient, applied in 4 to 5 times, every half month. Once; strong fruit fertilizer per mu applied 20 kg of urea, 50 kg of potassium chloride, 20 kg of calcium nitrate, applied in 2 times.
(3) Spring planting banana in transplanting, late May, July-August flower bud differentiation period, November strong fruit fertilizer is the key to fertilization, should be focused on distribution, a small number of multiple fertilization; summer and autumn planting banana in late October, early March The flower bud differentiation period from May to July is a critical period of fertilization.
(4) Pay attention to the integrated management of water and fertilizer. The trace elements boron and zinc are mainly supplemented by foliar fertilization. Spraying 3 to 4 times in the whole growth period, spraying once in 22 leaves, 28 leaves, 32 leaves and 38 leaves.
Six, vegetable science fertilization guidance
(1) Processing of tomatoes in the Northwest
1. Fertilization principle
(1) Add organic fertilizer and promote organic and inorganic application.
(2) According to the soil nutrient status, the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer should be appropriately adjusted to increase the proportion of potassium fertilizer in the base fertilizer.
(3) Advocating the integrated technology of water and fertilizer under drip irrigation under film, the amount of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer can be reduced by 1/4 to 1/3 compared with general irrigation technology.
(4) In the initial stage, the appropriate amount of time should be applied or sprayed with boron fertilizer and calcium fertilizer.
2. Fertilization amount and proportion
(1) General furrow tomato garden, when the target output is 8000 kg/mu, apply nitrogen fertilizer (N) 18-20 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 8-10 kg/mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) 15-18 kg/mu; When the target output is 6000-8000 kg/mu, the application of nitrogen fertilizer (N) is 16-18 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) is 7-9 kg/mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) is 10-12 kg/mu; target yield is 4000-6000 kg. At the time of mu/mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) is 14~16 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) is 6-8 kg/mu, and potassium fertilizer (K2O) is 8-10 kg/mu.
(2) Under-film drip irrigation tomato garden, when the target output is 8000 kg/mu, apply nitrogen fertilizer (N) 12-15 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 7-8 kg/mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) 8-10 kg/mu When the target output is 6000-8000 kg/mu, nitrogen fertilizer is applied.
(N) 9 ~ 12 kg / mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 6 ~ 7 kg / mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) 7 ~ 9 kg / mu; target yield 4000 ~ 6000 kg / acre, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 10 ~ 12 Kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 5-6 kg/mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) 6-8 kg/mu.
(3) For irrigated tomato, 40% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, 30% is used as top dressing in full bloom period, 30% is used as top dressing in fruit expansion period; phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are all used as base fertilizer. Under the film drip irrigation tomato, 20% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer as base fertilizer, 80% for topdressing, chasing the first nitrogen fertilizer from the first ear flowering, chasing once every 5 to 7 days, for 6 times, the first 3 times each time The amount of each accounted for 15% to 20% of the total nitrogen, and the amount of fertilizer applied to each of the last three times each accounted for 10% to 15% of the total nitrogen; phosphate and potassium fertilizers were all used as base fertilizer, if there is good solubility of phosphorus, potassium fertilizer, membrane Under the condition of drip irrigation, about 40% of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can be used as top dressing.
(4) The initial foliar application of boron fertilizer and calcium fertilizer, each time using borax 0.05 kg / acre, water-soluble calcium fertilizer 0.15 kg / acre, 3 times in a row; spraying the leaf surface spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution 1 ~ 2 times, each time is 1 kg / mu.
(two) radish
1. Fertilization principle
(1) According to soil fertility and target yield, optimize the dosage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, pay special attention to adjust the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, and increase the application of potassium fertilizer.
(2) The content of trace elements such as manganese, zinc, boron and molybdenum in the calcareous soil in the north is low, and attention should be paid to the supplement of trace elements.
(3) Reasonable application of organic fertilizer can significantly increase radish yield and improve quality, but avoid using organic fertilizer that is not fully decomposed, and advocate the application of commercial organic fertilizer and decomposed farmyard manure.
2. Fertilization amount and proportion
(1) When the target output is 4500-5000 kg/mu, apply organic fertilizer 2~3 square/mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 15~18 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 5~7 kg/mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) 12~14 kg/mu; when the production level is 2500-3000 kg/mu, apply organic fertilizer 2~3 square/mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 10~13 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 4~6 kg/mu, potash (K2O) 10~12 kg/mu; when the production level is 1000~1500 kg/mu, apply organic fertilizer 1~2 square/mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 6~9 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 3~5 kg/ Mu, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 8 ~ 10 kg / mu. If the base fertilizer is not applied with organic fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 3 to 4 kg/mu and potassium fertilizer (K2O) 2 to 3 kg/mu may be added as appropriate.
(2) All organic fertilizers are applied as base fertilizer; 30% of the total nitrogen fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, 70% is applied as top dressing in the rosette stage and the fleshy root growth stage twice; the phosphate fertilizer is used as the base fertilizer; the potash fertilizer is used as the base fertilizer, or 2/ 3 is used as base fertilizer, and 1/3 is applied in the early stage of growth of fleshy roots.
(3) Boron deficiency field, 1 kg of borax per acre before planting, or 0.1%~0.5% borax or boric acid aqueous solution in the middle and late stages of radish growth (can also be mixed with pesticides), every 5~6 Spray once a day, even spray 2 or 3 times.
(three) carrot
1. Fertilization principle
(1) Carrot fertilization should follow the principle of base fertilizer, top dressing supplement, organic and inorganic combination, and a large amount of elemental nutrients in combination with medium and trace element nutrients.
(2) Pay attention to the application of high quality organic fertilizer, optional
Plant ash with high potassium content, poultry livestock manure, rapeseed cake, etc., avoid using organic fertilizer that is not fully decomposed.
(3) Efficient application of potassium fertilizer according to soil potassium status, and pay attention to the supplement of trace element nutrients such as calcium, boron and molybdenum.
2. Fertilization amount and proportion
(1) When the target output is 4000 kg/mu or more, apply organic fertilizer 3~4 square/mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 11~14 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 5-6 kg/mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) 16~ 18 kg/mu; when the production level is 2500-4000 kg/mu, apply organic fertilizer 2~3 square/mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 8~11 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 4~5 kg/mu, potash fertilizer ( K2O) 13~15 kg/mu; when the production level is below 2500 kg/mu, apply organic fertilizer 1~2 square/mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 6-8 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 3~4 kg/mu Potassium fertilizer (K2O) 10 ~ 13 kg / mu.
(2) All organic fertilizers and phosphate fertilizers are used as base fertilizers; 30% to 50% of total nitrogen fertilizers are used as base fertilizers, and the remaining two are used for topdressing; 2/3 of total potassium fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, and 1/3 is applied in the early stage of growth. .
(3) 25 to 30 days before harvest, using 2 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 100 kg of water per acre for top dressing; for boron-deficient soil, the concentration of each spray in the seedling stage, rosette stage and fleshy root expansion period is 0.2%. The borax solution is applied to the left and right; the ammonium molybdate solution having a concentration of 0.05% to 0.1% is sprayed twice to the molybdenum-deficient soil.
(4) Open field chili
1. Fertilization principle
(1) Pay attention to the application of high-quality organic fertilizer, organic and inorganic combination, a large number of elemental nutrients and medium and trace element nutrients.
(2) Control the excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer, especially during the flowering period (during the opening of the first flower to the second fruiting period), pay attention to controlling the application of nitrogen fertilizer to prevent falling flowers, fallen leaves and fruit falling.
(3) In the young fruit period and the harvesting period, it is necessary to replenish the quick-acting fertilizer in time to promote the expansion of the young fruit and promote the growth of the next batch of fruit.
(4) avoid wet soil topdressing, avoid topdressing at high temperature at noon, avoid too concentrated on topdressing.
2. Fertilization amount and proportion
(1) When the target output is 4000 kg/mu or more, apply 2~3 square meters/mu of decomposed organic fertilizer, 18~20 kg/mu of nitrogen fertilizer (N), 5-6 kg/mu of phosphate fertilizer (P2O5), and potassium fertilizer (K2O)13 ~ 15 kg / mu; when the production level is 2000 ~ 4000 kg / mu, the application of organic fertilizer 1 ~ 2 square / mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 15 ~ 18 kg / acre, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 4 ~ 5 kg / mu, potash (K2O) 10~12 kg/mu; when the output level is below 2000 kg/mu, the application of nitrogen fertilizer (N) 10~12 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 3~4 kg/mu, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 8~10 kg /mu.
(2) All organic fertilizers and phosphate fertilizers are used as base fertilizers; 30% to 40% of total nitrogen fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, and the rest is applied 4 to 5 times; 50% to 60% of total potassium fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, 40% to 50% For topdressing.
(3) When the soil is acidified, lime can be applied to adjust the pH of the soil, and calcium is added. The phosphate fertilizer is calcium magnesium phosphate. Plants and fruits may be sprayed with 0.3% calcium chloride solution when calcium deficiency symptoms occur; 1% to 2% magnesium sulfate solution may be sprayed when magnesium deficiency symptoms occur; 0.2% borax solution may be sprayed when boron deficiency symptoms occur . Foliar fertilizer once every other week for 2 to 3 times.
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