The appearance of "tuber flowering" in potatoes is actually a cancerous disease. From the name of the potato cancer disease, it can be known that the disease is mainly harmful to the potato, it will not harm Other crops, and it is even less likely to endanger people's health. The so-called cancer is caused by the fact that the pathogens continue to stimulate the division of the host cells, forming large and small tumors, even larger and even surrounding the base of the underground stem. Tumors are damaged to form cancer, which occurs mostly in the buds. The epidermis of the tumor is often cracked and loose, resembling cauliflower. The cancerous tissue is yellowish white in the early stage, dark brown in the later stage, soft, perishable and stench. The diseased potato can continue to expand into damage during the storage period, and even cause rot. There was no significant difference between the early stage and the healthy plant in the field. The late stage plants were taller than the healthy plants, the leaves were dark green, and there were many branches. The flowers, stems and leaves could produce abnormal lesions.
Potato cancer was first discovered in Hungary in 1895 and has now become a dangerous disease in potato production in many countries around the world. It has been identified as a quarantine fungal disease in China. This disease generally reduces yield by 50% in the Changfa area, and reduces the quality of the potato pieces. If the weight is not good or the yield is good, the diseased potatoes will not be rotten and can not be eaten.
The pathogen causing potato cancer is a lower fungus. The pathogens overwinter in the dormant sporangium in the diseased tissue or in the soil where the disease remains. Dorsal sporangia are highly resistant to stress and can survive in the soil for 20 to 30 years. When conditions are appropriate, germination produces zoospores and zygotes, which invade from the host epidermal cells and buds. In the growing season, the pathogens rely on sporangia and zoospores to continuously spread the infection. Low temperature and humidity, cold weather, large temperature difference between day and night, high soil moisture, and temperature in the range of 12 ° C ~ 24 ° C under the conditions of pathogenic bacteria infection, so the disease mainly occurs in Sichuan, Yunnan, and the epidemic area is generally around 2000 meters above sea level Cold mountain area. In addition, soil acidity and rich organic matter are beneficial to the disease.
As the diseased potato is an important link in the spread and continuation of the disease, at present, the first measure to control potato cancer is strict quarantine of the seed potato, especially the presence or absence of tumor around the bud. Delineate the infected areas and strictly prohibit the transfer of seed potatoes from the infected areas, and establish a breeding base for disease-free seed potatoes. The soil in the ward and the plants growing on it are also prohibited from moving outward. Followed by the selection of resistant varieties. The seriously ill plot should be replanted into non-solanth crops. In the general occurrence area, the diseased potato should be strictly removed before planting, the net manure should be applied, and the phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be added. In the growing season, the diseased plants should be excavated and burned in a concentrated manner. In addition, the application of lime to neutralize soil acidity has a certain disease prevention effect.
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