The machine tool lubrication system occupies a very important position in the machine tool. Its design, commissioning and maintenance are very important for improving the machining accuracy of the machine tool and prolonging the service life of the machine tool. The lubrication of sliding parts such as modern machine tool guides and screw rods is basically a centralized lubrication system. The centralized lubrication system is a hydraulic pump that supplies a certain displacement and a certain pressure of lubricating oil to supply oil to the diverters on all the primary and secondary oil circuits in the system. The diverter distributes the oil to each lubrication according to the required amount of oil. Point: At the same time, the controller completes the lubrication time, the number of times of monitoring and fault alarm and shutdown to achieve the purpose of automatic lubrication. The centralized lubrication system is characterized by timing, quantification, accuracy, high efficiency, convenient and reliable use, which is beneficial to improve the life of the machine and ensure the performance. The centralized lubrication system can be divided into a damped lubrication system, a progressive lubrication system and a volumetric lubrication system according to the lubricating elements used.
1 single line damping lubrication system
This system is suitable for applications where the lubrication point of the machine tool requires relatively little oil and requires periodic oil supply. It uses a damper type distributor to distribute the oil pumped out to the lubrication point in a certain proportion. Generally used in circulatory systems, it can also be used in open systems, which can be controlled by time to control the amount of oil at the lubrication point. The lubrication system is very flexible, more than one lubrication point or less, and can be installed by the user, and when a certain point is blocked, it does not affect the use of other points, so the application is very extensive.
2 Progressive lubrication system
The progressive lubrication system consists mainly of pump stations and progressive chip splitters and can be monitored with control devices. It is characterized by alarming and terminating the blockage of any lubrication point to protect the equipment; accurate and high pressure, not only can use thin oil, but also suitable for grease lubrication. The lubrication point can reach 100 and the pressure can reach 21MPa.
The progressive splitter consists of a base plate, an end plate and a minimum of three intermediate plates. A set of valves can have up to 8 intermediate plates that can lubricate 18 points. The working principle is that the plunger in the intermediate plate acts in turn to supply oil from a certain position. If a certain point is blocked, the next oil outlet will not operate, and the entire diverter stops supplying oil. The clogging indicator can indicate the location of the blockage for easy maintenance. Figure 9-7 shows a progressive lubrication system.
3 volumetric lubrication system
The system uses a dosing valve as a distributor to supply oil to the lubrication point. The system is equipped with a pressure relay, so that the system oil pressure reaches a predetermined value and then the motor is delayed, the lubricating oil is stopped from the quantitative distributor, and the system is changed. Unload the valve and maintain a minimum pressure to allow the dosing valve distributor to replenish the lubricant and the motor to start again, repeating the process until the specified lubrication time is reached. The system pressure is generally below 50 MPa, and the lubrication point can reach several hundred. It has a wide application range and reliable performance, but it cannot be used as a continuous lubrication system.
The structural principle of the dosing valve is: it consists of two oil chambers above and below, and the oil is pumped to the lubrication point under the high pressure of the system. At low pressure, the oil stored in the lower chamber is pressed by the spring reset and the bowl seal. The oil discharge chamber of the chamber has a displacement of 0.1 to 1.6 mL and can be combined according to actual needs. Figure 9-8 shows a volumetric lubrication system.
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