Gear processing machines are widely used in various machinery manufacturing industries such as automobiles, tractors, machine tools, engineering machinery, mining machinery, metallurgical machinery, petroleum, instrumentation, and aircraft spacecraft.
Gear processing machine tools for machining various cylindrical gears, bevel gears and other toothed parts. Gear processing machines have a wide variety of specifications, including small machine tools for machining small diameters of several millimeters, large-scale machine tools for machining more than ten meters of diameter, and high-precision machine tools for machining precision gears with high-efficiency machine tools.
Ancient gears were formed by hand repair. In 1540, when Toriano made watches in Italy, it made a gear cutting device using a rotary boring tool. In 1783, France's Leone made a machine tool using a milling cutter gear, and a gear rack internal gear attachment; around 1820 The United Kingdom produced the first machine that can process both cylindrical gears and bevel gears. With this performance, the machine tool developed in the second half of the 19th century.
In 1835, Whitworth in the United Kingdom obtained the patent for the worm gear hobbing machine; in 1858, Schiller obtained the patent for the spur gear hobbing machine; after several improvements, it was completed in 1897 that the hobbing machine with differential mechanism was made by Pfund in Germany. Gear problem. After making a gear-shaped pinion cutter, Felos of the United States made a gear shaping machine in 1897.
At the beginning of the 20th century, due to the needs of the automotive industry, various gear grinding machines were introduced. In the United States around 1930, the shaving machine was made; in 1956, the gear cutting machine was made. After the 1960s, some advanced cylindrical gear processing machines have been applied to modern technology. For example, digital display indicates the moving tooth cutting depth on large machine tools. The hobbing machine and the gear shaping machine use the electronic servo system numerical control system instead of the mechanical transmission chain to exchange gears. The programmable controller with fault diagnosis function is used to control the working cycle to change the cutting parameters; the digital control non-circular gear shaping machine is developed to adapt to the control hobbing machine; the hobbing machine uses electronic sensors to detect the transmission chain motion error, and automatically feedback compensation error, etc. .
In 1884, Bill Graham in the United States invented the straight bevel gear planer using a single planer. In 1900, the American Bill designed a double-cutter milling straight bevel gear machine.
Due to the needs of the automotive industry, in 1905 the United States produced a straight bevel gear planer with two planer blades, and in 1913 made a spiral bevel gear milling machine; in 1923, a quasi-involute bevel gear milling machine appeared. In the 1930s, it was developed into a broaching machine for straight spur gears, which is mainly used for the manufacture of automotive differential gears.
In the 1940s, in order to meet the needs of the aviation industry, a spiral bevel gear grinding machine was developed. In 1944, the Swiss Oerlikon company made the extended outer cycloidal bevel gear milling machine; since the 1950s, it has developed a double-knife combined end milling cutter to machine the extended outer cycloidal bevel gear milling machine. .
Gear processing machine tools are mainly divided into two categories: cylindrical gear processing machine bevel gear processing machine tools. Cylindrical gear processing machines are mainly used to process various cylindrical gears, racks and worm gears. Commonly used are gear hobbing machine, gear shaping machine, gear milling machine, shaving machine and so on.
The hobbing machine uses a hob to form a coarse, precision spur, helical, herringbone worm gear, etc., which has a wide processing range and can achieve high precision or high productivity. The gear shaping machine uses a gear shaping cutter to process straight teeth. Other gears of helical gears are mainly used for machining multi-gear internal gears; forming cutters for milling machines are processed by indexing method, mainly used for machining special toothed instrument gears; gear shaving cutters for shaving machines Finishing gear, a high-efficiency machine tool; grinding wheel for grinding machine, finishing high-precision machine tool for hardened cylindrical gear or gear cutter; gear grinding machine freely meshes with machined gear by using boring wheel to eliminate hardened gear burrs and other tooth flanks Defective machine tool; the toothing machine uses the high hardness and no cutting edge to squeeze the wheel to freely mesh with the workpiece, and grinds the uneven surface on the tooth surface to improve the precision and smoothness of the machine tool; the gear chamfering machine rounds the end of the inner and outer meshing sliding gear teeth Machine tools, gear transmissions, other gear shifting mechanisms are indispensable for processing equipment. Cylindrical gear processing machines also include gear hot rolling mill gear cold rolling mills.
The bevel gear processing machine is mainly used for machining bevel gear teeth such as straight teeth, helical teeth, and arc teeth to extend the outer cycloidal teeth.
Straight bevel gear planer is a pair of planer cutters for rough and precision machining of straight bevel gears. It can also be machined with helical bevel gears. It is the most widely used in small batch production.
The double-cutter straight bevel gear milling machine uses two cutter-toothed milling cutters to mill the left and right tooth surfaces of the same tooth groove according to the forming method, which has high production efficiency and is suitable for batch production. Since the milling cutter disc moves relative to the workpiece without the tooth length direction, the bottom of the milled slot is rounded, and the machining modulus tooth width is limited. This machine can also be equipped with an automatic loading and unloading device to achieve stand-alone automation.
A large-diameter bevel gear milling machine rotates a large-diameter milling cutter to cut a cogging machine from the solid wheel blank. It has the highest productivity of bevel gear cutting machines. Due to the complexity of the tools and the high cost, each workpiece requires a special cutter head, which is only suitable for mass production. Machine tools generally have automatic loading and unloading devices.
The spiral bevel gear milling machine adopts a spiral bevel gear milling cutter disc, and according to the exhibition method, the curved and bevel gear quasi-hypoid gear machine tool has a modification, such as a fine cutting machine and a rough cutting machine.
Spiral bevel gear grinding machine is used to grind hardened spiral bevel gears to improve the precision and smoothness of the machine. Its structure is similar to that of the spiral bevel gear milling machine, but the grinding wheel replaces the milling cutter and is equipped with a grinding wheel. The hypoid gear can also be ground.
The extended epicycloidal bevel gear milling machine utilizes an extended epicycloidal bevel gear milling cutter disc or a double-knife combined end mill cutter disc to continuously index the cutting machine according to the forming method. When cutting the teeth, the workpiece of the cradle milling cutter is continuously rotated, and the cradle is used for the feed motion to process one workpiece cradle for one time. The continuous rotation of the workpiece of the milling cutter allows the workpiece to obtain a continuous number of teeth and form a tooth length curve. The additional motion of the turret rotating workpiece is combined to produce a forming motion, so that the workpiece obtains a tooth profile curve.
The taper hob for the quasi-incremental bevel gear milling machine is continuously indexed by the forming method. When cutting the tooth, the taper hob is first cut with big end and then cut with one end of its smaller diameter. In order to ensure the same cutting speed during the whole cutting process, the machine is controlled by the stepless speed change device to control the hob rotation speed, the cradle and the hob workpiece are all For a continuous rotary motion, a workpiece is machined and the cradle is reciprocated once. The turret workpiece rotation is generated by the differential mechanism, so that the workpiece obtains a contour curve along the tooth length.
Bevel gear processing machine equipment includes grinding and milling cutter broaching cutter blade sharpening machine, equipped with pair of bevel gear grinding machine, inspection of paired bevel gear meshing contact condition bevel gear rolling inspection machine to prevent tooth heat treatment deformation quenching pressure Bed and so on.
Gear processing machine tools for machining various cylindrical gears, bevel gears and other toothed parts. Gear processing machines have a wide variety of specifications, including small machine tools for machining small diameters of several millimeters, large-scale machine tools for machining more than ten meters of diameter, and high-precision machine tools for machining precision gears with high-efficiency machine tools.
Ancient gears were formed by hand repair. In 1540, when Toriano made watches in Italy, it made a gear cutting device using a rotary boring tool. In 1783, France's Leone made a machine tool using a milling cutter gear, and a gear rack internal gear attachment; around 1820 The United Kingdom produced the first machine that can process both cylindrical gears and bevel gears. With this performance, the machine tool developed in the second half of the 19th century.
In 1835, Whitworth in the United Kingdom obtained the patent for the worm gear hobbing machine; in 1858, Schiller obtained the patent for the spur gear hobbing machine; after several improvements, it was completed in 1897 that the hobbing machine with differential mechanism was made by Pfund in Germany. Gear problem. After making a gear-shaped pinion cutter, Felos of the United States made a gear shaping machine in 1897.
At the beginning of the 20th century, due to the needs of the automotive industry, various gear grinding machines were introduced. In the United States around 1930, the shaving machine was made; in 1956, the gear cutting machine was made. After the 1960s, some advanced cylindrical gear processing machines have been applied to modern technology. For example, digital display indicates the moving tooth cutting depth on large machine tools. The hobbing machine and the gear shaping machine use the electronic servo system numerical control system instead of the mechanical transmission chain to exchange gears. The programmable controller with fault diagnosis function is used to control the working cycle to change the cutting parameters; the digital control non-circular gear shaping machine is developed to adapt to the control hobbing machine; the hobbing machine uses electronic sensors to detect the transmission chain motion error, and automatically feedback compensation error, etc. .
In 1884, Bill Graham in the United States invented the straight bevel gear planer using a single planer. In 1900, the American Bill designed a double-cutter milling straight bevel gear machine.
Due to the needs of the automotive industry, in 1905 the United States produced a straight bevel gear planer with two planer blades, and in 1913 made a spiral bevel gear milling machine; in 1923, a quasi-involute bevel gear milling machine appeared. In the 1930s, it was developed into a broaching machine for straight spur gears, which is mainly used for the manufacture of automotive differential gears.
In the 1940s, in order to meet the needs of the aviation industry, a spiral bevel gear grinding machine was developed. In 1944, the Swiss Oerlikon company made the extended outer cycloidal bevel gear milling machine; since the 1950s, it has developed a double-knife combined end milling cutter to machine the extended outer cycloidal bevel gear milling machine. .
Gear processing machine tools are mainly divided into two categories: cylindrical gear processing machine bevel gear processing machine tools. Cylindrical gear processing machines are mainly used to process various cylindrical gears, racks and worm gears. Commonly used are gear hobbing machine, gear shaping machine, gear milling machine, shaving machine and so on.
The hobbing machine uses a hob to form a coarse, precision spur, helical, herringbone worm gear, etc., which has a wide processing range and can achieve high precision or high productivity. The gear shaping machine uses a gear shaping cutter to process straight teeth. Other gears of helical gears are mainly used for machining multi-gear internal gears; forming cutters for milling machines are processed by indexing method, mainly used for machining special toothed instrument gears; gear shaving cutters for shaving machines Finishing gear, a high-efficiency machine tool; grinding wheel for grinding machine, finishing high-precision machine tool for hardened cylindrical gear or gear cutter; gear grinding machine freely meshes with machined gear by using boring wheel to eliminate hardened gear burrs and other tooth flanks Defective machine tool; the toothing machine uses the high hardness and no cutting edge to squeeze the wheel to freely mesh with the workpiece, and grinds the uneven surface on the tooth surface to improve the precision and smoothness of the machine tool; the gear chamfering machine rounds the end of the inner and outer meshing sliding gear teeth Machine tools, gear transmissions, other gear shifting mechanisms are indispensable for processing equipment. Cylindrical gear processing machines also include gear hot rolling mill gear cold rolling mills.
The bevel gear processing machine is mainly used for machining bevel gear teeth such as straight teeth, helical teeth, and arc teeth to extend the outer cycloidal teeth.
Straight bevel gear planer is a pair of planer cutters for rough and precision machining of straight bevel gears. It can also be machined with helical bevel gears. It is the most widely used in small batch production.
The double-cutter straight bevel gear milling machine uses two cutter-toothed milling cutters to mill the left and right tooth surfaces of the same tooth groove according to the forming method, which has high production efficiency and is suitable for batch production. Since the milling cutter disc moves relative to the workpiece without the tooth length direction, the bottom of the milled slot is rounded, and the machining modulus tooth width is limited. This machine can also be equipped with an automatic loading and unloading device to achieve stand-alone automation.
A large-diameter bevel gear milling machine rotates a large-diameter milling cutter to cut a cogging machine from the solid wheel blank. It has the highest productivity of bevel gear cutting machines. Due to the complexity of the tools and the high cost, each workpiece requires a special cutter head, which is only suitable for mass production. Machine tools generally have automatic loading and unloading devices.
The spiral bevel gear milling machine adopts a spiral bevel gear milling cutter disc, and according to the exhibition method, the curved and bevel gear quasi-hypoid gear machine tool has a modification, such as a fine cutting machine and a rough cutting machine.
Spiral bevel gear grinding machine is used to grind hardened spiral bevel gears to improve the precision and smoothness of the machine. Its structure is similar to that of the spiral bevel gear milling machine, but the grinding wheel replaces the milling cutter and is equipped with a grinding wheel. The hypoid gear can also be ground.
The extended epicycloidal bevel gear milling machine utilizes an extended epicycloidal bevel gear milling cutter disc or a double-knife combined end mill cutter disc to continuously index the cutting machine according to the forming method. When cutting the teeth, the workpiece of the cradle milling cutter is continuously rotated, and the cradle is used for the feed motion to process one workpiece cradle for one time. The continuous rotation of the workpiece of the milling cutter allows the workpiece to obtain a continuous number of teeth and form a tooth length curve. The additional motion of the turret rotating workpiece is combined to produce a forming motion, so that the workpiece obtains a tooth profile curve.
The taper hob for the quasi-incremental bevel gear milling machine is continuously indexed by the forming method. When cutting the tooth, the taper hob is first cut with big end and then cut with one end of its smaller diameter. In order to ensure the same cutting speed during the whole cutting process, the machine is controlled by the stepless speed change device to control the hob rotation speed, the cradle and the hob workpiece are all For a continuous rotary motion, a workpiece is machined and the cradle is reciprocated once. The turret workpiece rotation is generated by the differential mechanism, so that the workpiece obtains a contour curve along the tooth length.
Bevel gear processing machine equipment includes grinding and milling cutter broaching cutter blade sharpening machine, equipped with pair of bevel gear grinding machine, inspection of paired bevel gear meshing contact condition bevel gear rolling inspection machine to prevent tooth heat treatment deformation quenching pressure Bed and so on.
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