The metal bellows is mainly used to compensate axial displacement, and can also compensate for lateral displacement or axial and lateral synthetic displacement, and has the ability to compensate angular displacement, but generally does not use metal bellows to compensate angular displacement.
1. Metal bellows are classified by material
1, brass
Bellows H80 H -60 °C ~ +100 °C Low elasticity, hysteresis and aftereffect, and good brazing. It can be used as a measuring component in non-corrosive media and in low precision instrumentation.
2, tin bronze
Bellows QSn6.5～0.1 X -60°C～+100°C Excellent elasticity, strength and corrosion resistance, low hysteresis and elastic aftereffect, good brazing property, widely used as measuring components.
3, é“ bronze
Bellows QBe2 P -60 ° C ~ +150 ° C has a small hysteresis and elastic aftereffect, high elasticity stability, corrosion resistance, non-magnetic. Mostly used in high-precision measuring instruments.
4, stainless steel
Bellows 1Cr18Ni9Ti G -194 ° C ~ +400 ° C has high bending fatigue strength and corrosion resistance, good welding performance. It can be used as a measuring, sealing, joining and compensating element in corrosive media.
Second, the manufacturing process of metal bellows
1. Heat treatment of bellows
Heat treatment is an indispensable and important process in the manufacturing process of the bellows and in obtaining the elastic properties of the bellows.
The corrugated pipe material can be divided into two types: work hardening type and dispersion strengthening type according to the strengthening method. Commonly used hardening materials are H80, QSn6.5-0.1, NiCu28-2.5-1.5, 1Cr18Ni9Ti and 00Cr17Ni14Mo2. After recrystallization annealing or quenching solution treatment, they form a single α solid solution or single austenite, which has excellent plastic deformation properties, can meet the requirements of variable diameter, thinning and forming process, and cold deformation during bellows forming. During the process, the material is work hardened, GH 4132, GH 4169, and the like. In the quenching and solid solution state, they form a single supersaturated solid solution, which has excellent plasticity and can satisfy the plastic deformation property of cold working. When the aging heat treatment after bellows forming, the dispersed strengthening phase is precipitated to strengthen the material, thereby making the bellows Get excellent ratio performance.
The purpose of heat treatment of bellows is twofold: one is to eliminate work hardening and restore plasticity during the manufacturing process of bellows; the other is to strengthen the material and obtain elasticity.
Corrugated tube heat treatment has both intrinsic and extrinsic quality requirements. The intrinsic quality is obtained by heat treatment to obtain a certain state of the structure, grain size and mechanical properties of the material; the external quality is mainly the degree of surface oxidation after heat treatment.
2, the surface treatment of the bellows
a. Copper alloy surface treatment process
The surface treatment process of copper alloy bellows includes processes such as degreasing, loose scale, weak pickling, bright pickling and passivation.
b. Stainless steel surface treatment process
The surface treatment process of stainless steel bellows is mainly degreasing, loosening and oxidizing scale and pickling.
3. Bellows shaping process
After the bellows is formed, the bellows and the wave shape of the bellows are different from the requirements of the suction meter due to the elastic rebound, and shaping must be performed.
For bellows made of work hardened materials, both manual and mechanical shaping methods are generally used. For the bellows of the dispersion hardened material, it is placed in the aging fixture to set the bellows to shape the corrugated tube to achieve the shaping effect.
4. Stable processing of bellows
During the processing of the bellows, internal stresses are generated, making it elastic and unstable in geometry. The purpose of stabilizing the bellows is to eliminate stress, stability, and stable geometry.
The stable treatment of the bellows includes a heat stabilization treatment process and a mechanical stabilization treatment process. Under normal circumstances, only heat stabilization treatment is required, and mechanical stabilization is required only when there are special requirements.
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