A combination lock is a type of lock that is opened with a series of numbers or symbols. Passwords for password locks are usually just an arrangement rather than a true combination. Some code locks use only one turntable to turn a number of discs or cams inside the lock; some locks are a set of several numbered dials that directly drive the inside of the lock.
Lock design multiple dial
The simplest combination lock, common in bicycle locks with low security settings, uses multiple dials. There is a recess in the middle of each circle. A shaft in the center of the lock has a plurality of protruding teeth for catching the dial. When the dial is transferred to the correct combination of passwords, the lock can be opened. This lock is the easiest to open. Many of these locks don't need to know that the password can be turned on. Unless its internal components are perfect, as long as the shaft is pulled out, one of the teeth will tighten the dial more than the others. At this time, the tumbled ring is rotated until a small "card" sound is heard, indicating that the tooth has entered the correct recess. Repeat this step and you will be able to open the lock soon.
Single turntable
A combination lock used on a padlock or on a 10,000 can be a single turntable. The turntable pushes behind several balanced discs or cams. It is customary to turn the turntable clockwise to the first number and then counterclockwise to the second number when opening the lock, so that the last number is reached. There is usually a concave position on the cam. When the correct password is transferred, the characters are in line and the lock can be opened.
This type of password lock is safer, but it is not flawless. For example, some password padlocks can tighten the lock and then turn the dial until it can no longer be moved, so that the password can be found. There are also certain relationships between the numbers of the turntable code locks, so that the possibility of combination of passwords is greatly reduced. Cheap password padlocks can be opened with special linings without the need for a password.
The password lock structure used on the 10,000 is more rigorous. An experienced locksmith can rotate the turntable while listening to the sound of the cam inside the lock and use the earpiece to determine the possible password.
Other designs
Some door locks have a numeric keypad that, when turned on, type a series of numbers in sequence. This type of lock is electronically controlled and is common in the office. The advantage is that you only need to tell the employee the password, no need to copy the key. However, if someone tells the password to an outsider, the lock will be ineffective. Therefore, the password of such a password lock needs to be replaced frequently.
[ Edit this paragraph ] Password lock principle
Dial-type full mechanical password lock principle
This is a large-key, high-reliability, all-mechanical code lock without electronics. It operates in a unique way, similar to the dialing of an old telephone - starting from the beginning of the dial, turning the dial clockwise to a digit, then backing to the starting point, a password is entered. Repeat this until the last password is entered, and then turn the dial counterclockwise from the starting point to unlock. At the same time as unlocking, the internal has been reset, so after the dial is returned to the starting point, the password must be re-entered to unlock, and there is no need to consider the internal reset problem. If you enter the wrong password, turn the dial counterclockwise (virtual unlock) to reset internally and then re-enter the password.
In this kind of password lock, the six-digit password can have more than 2.98 million sets of passwords for the owner to change at will, and the confidentiality is extremely high. The optional cipher suites are arranged in series, which is convenient for selecting passwords that are easy to remember. The basic products that have been developed so far, the number of passwords and the number of passwords can also be redesigned according to the needs of users. It is also possible to add an alarm interface to the user.
The advantages of this combination lock: 1, no key, no power, no battery, no waste. 2, full mechanical structure, can withstand the harsh external environment, a wide range of uses. 3, the operation is simple, the unlocking time is relatively short, and the average unlocking time is about 15 seconds. 4, the actual amount of password is large, the security performance is high, and the probability of trial unlocking is almost zero. 5, the structure is simple, strong and reliable.
From the historical law of technological development, in the case of similar functions, simple and reliable things always replace complicated things, and it is exactly what is simple and complicated. Therefore, it is a popular and practical new product, which should replace the traditional disc type mechanical code lock and some electronic code locks.
The dial-type full mechanical code lock is widely used in safes, safes, filing cabinets, anti-magnetic fireproof cabinets, security doors, silver door, warehouse doors, doors, civil doors and mechanical jamming mechanisms. It can replace the existing traditional disc type mechanical code lock and some electronic code locks. Provide an opportunity for the update of certain products.
Due to the popularity of electronic technology, many products are proud of adopting electronic structures. However, in some places, electronic products do not have an absolute advantage, but mechanical products or electromechanical hybrid products are more practical. To give two examples: First, the ignition device of the gas stove. In the early days, the igniter of the transistor was popular, but it was not resistant to moisture, easily damaged, and could not be separated from the battery. For a long time, the mechanical (piezoelectric) fire-fighting device that relies on the hand to twist the energy storage of the knob reveals its superiority--simple and practical, becoming the mainstream of the gas stove igniter. Second, the rearview mirror of the car and the rear door peeper of the bus (single car) have all been replaced by electronic monitors, but people find that the traditional rearview mirror and the ordinary rearview mirror above the bus driver The observation effect is not worse than the electronic monitor, which is simpler and more practical.
In fact, in the traditional industry, it is also possible to find a more insured investment than the so-called "new economy" but with no profit. The combination lock is not a product that is frequently used. It can be said to be a semi-static product, which is more practical by mechanical means. However, the amount of passwords in electronic mode is large, and people feel that they are safer. The password of this patented product is close to the electronic code lock, and the operation is much faster than the traditional mechanical code lock. It is simple and practical. It can be the mainstream of high-grade password locks like the previous two cases.
The difference between dial-type full mechanical code lock and American "Shajin" type box type mechanical code lock
The dial-type full mechanical code lock is also a kind of box type mechanical code lock, which is similar to the "Shajin" and "Lurga" type box type mechanical code locks produced in the United States: they are all disc type mechanical code locks. There are control lock tongues, all of which are coaxial operation input passwords and open lock tongues. However, there is a big difference in the operation mode: the "Shajin" type box type mechanical code lock is connected to the active disk by the operation axis, and then the active disk is sequentially transmitted to drive other password disks, so the knob should be rotated a few times and then reversed when the password is input. In a few laps, you can enter your password repeatedly. The dial-type full mechanical code lock is a simple sequence dialer inside, which sequentially dials each password disc. From an external operation, it is similar to the operation of an old-fashioned dial-type telephone: starting from the beginning of the dial, turning the dial clockwise to a certain digit, and then returning to the starting point, a password is entered. Repeat this until the last password is entered, and then turn the dial counterclockwise from the starting point to open the bolt.
In addition, there are other differences between them:
1. The lock tongue release bracket of the “Shajin†type box type mechanical code lock is always pressed on the password disc. When the password is input, the disc notch will rotate to the bracket and there will be a slight reflection. The experience is very rich and the experience is very high. People can find passwords based on this feature. The lock tongue unlocking bracket of the dial type full mechanical code lock is away from the password disc when the password is input, and only a small angle when unlocking is pressed on the password disc, and at this time, the password disc is stationary. of. Therefore, the probability of trying to test the password by hand is close to zero.
2, "Shajin" type box type mechanical code lock after closing the lock tongue, it is necessary to manually turn a few turns of the knob to dial the position of the password disc, and the dial type full mechanical code lock while opening the lock tongue, the inside The position of the password disc has been automatically dialed (reset), so you must re-enter the password after you close the lock to re-lock it, and you will not be allowed to keep the password.
3. The knob of the “Shajin†box type mechanical code lock should be engraved with 100 marks at 360 degrees, and only 3.6 degrees between each scale. Be careful when rotating the input. The dial-type full mechanical code lock only has 12 integer scales in less than half a circle, and there is a 12.5 degree interval between each scale. When entering the password, it is allowed to stay in the plus or minus 0.4 scale range of the scale. , both recognize the integer value entered into the scale. Therefore it is a quasi-digital input. Its available passwords are arranged in order from the minimum value to the maximum value, which can be randomly selected by the owner, without blind spots.
4. Dial the dial type Full mechanical code lock. When entering the password, turn clockwise from the starting point to the last one. It only needs 165 degrees, less than half a circle, then return to the starting point and enter the next password. During operation, the hand can hold the knob to enter all the passwords in a grip position. Unlike the "Shajin" type of box type mechanical code locks, it is necessary to reverse several circles and frequently reverse.
5. The number of digits of the "Shajin" box type mechanical code lock is fixed, and the number of digits of the dial type full mechanical code lock is variable. The maximum 6-digit password lock, the number of passwords can be selected between 0-6. If a 3-digit password is selected, it can only be limited to 3 digits. If you enter 4 digits, you cannot unlock it. This provides a wider choice for users in different locations.
At present, the 12-digit 6-digit password dial-type full mechanical password lock has 3.25 million passwords. If it is changed to 7 digits, there are 39.08 million passwords, and 8 digits have 430 million passwords. And all are optional passwords. If there is a special need for confidentiality, it is also possible to produce more scaled code locks as required.
How smart password lock works
Basic principle and hardware components
The system of smart code locks consists of a smart monitor and an electronic lock. The two are placed off-site, and the smart monitor supplies the power required by the electronic lock and receives the alarm and status information it sends. Here, the line multiplexing technology is adopted to share a two-core cable for power supply and information transmission, which improves the reliability and safety of the system.
The basic principle and composition block diagram of the intelligent monitor
The block diagram of the intelligent monitor is composed of a single chip, a clock, a keyboard, an LCD display, a memory, a demodulator, a line multiplexing and monitoring, an A/D conversion, a buzzer and the like. Mainly complete the communication with the electronic lock, intelligent analysis and security monitoring of communication lines.
At the transmitting end, the electronic lock boosts the modulated data signal through the pulse transformer T and sends it out; at the receiving end, the pulse transformer T steps down the received data signal and sends it to the demodulator to reduce the carrier signal during transmission. Loss in the middle. In order to reduce mutual interference between communication and power supply, the selection of choke coil L and coupling capacitor C should be considered comprehensively.
Let the carrier frequency fo=400kHz, in order to ensure that most of the signal energy is transmitted to the receiving end, take L=33.7μH?C1=0.047μF.
Current monitoring technology
In order to prevent the artificial destruction of the communication line and the electromagnetic actuator from causing the current flowing through the electromagnetic coil to be excessively burnt due to some reason, the current monitoring technology is adopted in the design of the smart code lock. The current monitor uses the MAX471 current-to-voltage conversion chip from MAXIM. The chip can convert the measured current I into a ground output voltage U, and has the characteristics of large measuring range, high precision, and the output voltage U and the measured current I are proportional. The current monitor output voltage is sent to the A/D converter. The MCU reads the A/D conversion result to know the current change in the line, and finds the abnormality in time by analysis and issues an alarm signal.
Data communication and preprocessing technology
The intelligent monitor receives the status information sent by the lock (including the opening and closing of the lock, the first password error, the second password error, the third password error, etc.), the current value flowing through the electromagnetic actuator coil, and Reading the supply current value of the communication line at that time, the three combine to form a data block, wherein the operation state occupies 1 byte, the supply current occupies 2 bytes, and the coil current occupies 2 bytes. The intelligent monitor is always in the receiving state during communication with the electronic lock. In order to improve communication reliability, this paper adopts the method of repeated transmission in the communication protocol. The electronic lock repeatedly transmits 5 times for each group of data. After receiving the data, the intelligent monitor corrects the error by using the large number decoding law. The accuracy of data reception. In addition, in order to save memory, pre-processing technology is adopted for the received data, that is, after receiving one data, the data is first compared with the set threshold, and if it is greater than the threshold, an over-limit alarm is issued; if less than The threshold value is compared with the same type of data received on the same day, and the larger one is retained. In this way, the data stored every day is the maximum value in the same type of data.
Intelligent analysis
The intelligent analysis and prediction technology is based on each received data block, compared with the recorded value of the previous similar data, analyzes the magnitude and trend of the current change caused by the operation, finds problems in time, and reports the management personnel. Improve the reliability of the entire system.
System software design
The intelligent password lock software uses the 51 series MCU assembly language to separately program the intelligent monitor and the electronic lock. The intelligent monitor software includes keyboard scanning and LCD display programs, buzzer drivers, clock modification and reading programs, data communication and pre-processing programs, intelligent analysis programs and line monitoring programs. The electronic lock software includes modules such as a keyboard scanning and decoding program, an LCD display program, a communication program, an electromagnetic actuator drive and detection program, and a sensor interface program. The modular design method is used in the software design process to facilitate reading, debugging and improvement of the program.
The intelligent password lock fully utilizes the software and hardware resources of the 51 system microcontroller, and introduces intelligent analysis functions to improve the reliability and security of the system. It is welcomed by users by installing it in a certain type of safe. In addition, the smart password lock can be modified in software and hardware to form an intelligent distributed monitoring network, achieving centralized monitoring and management within a certain range, and is widely used in finance, insurance, military and other security fields. Application prospects.
The intelligent monitor is always in the receiving state and receives the alarm information and status information from the electronic lock in a fixed format. For the alarm information, the sound and light alarms are immediately sent through the LCD display and the buzzer; for the status information, it is stored in the memory and compared with the historical state of the electronic lock before this time, and the trend is changed to predict the future. The status changes, and the corresponding information is provided to the duty officer through the LCD display for decision making. While the intelligent monitor establishes communication with the electronic lock, the A/D converter monitors the change of the supply current flowing through the communication line in real time, effectively preventing the damage caused by human factors and ensuring the smooth communication line.
The basic principle and composition block diagram of electronic locks
The block diagram of the electronic lock, which is also based on the 51 series single chip microcomputer (AT89051), with the corresponding hardware circuit, completes the setting, storage, identification and display of the password, drives the electromagnetic actuator and detects the driving current value, and receives the sensor. The function of alarm signal and data transmission.
The MCU receives the entered code and compares it with the password stored in the EEPROM. If the password is correct, the electromagnetic actuator is unlocked; if the password is incorrect, the operator is allowed to re-enter the password, up to three times; if three times If it is not correct, the MCU will alarm the intelligent monitor through the communication line. The single-chip microcomputer sends the unlocking operation and the driving current value of the electromagnetic actuator as the status information to the intelligent monitor at this time, and also sends the alarm information received from the sensor interface to the intelligent monitor as the basis of the intelligent analysis.
Key technology
In order to improve the security and reliability of the smart password lock, in addition to the measures taken in the device selection (such as the device with low power consumption and wide temperature range), some key technologies are also adopted in the design.
Line multiplexing technology
The smart monitor and electronic lock are placed off-site, and the smart monitor supplies the power required by the electronic lock and receives the alarm and status information it sends. If the communication line and the power supply line are separated, it is necessary to increase the number of cable cores and increase the safety hazard. This paper adopts the line multiplexing technology, which uses only one two-core cable to realize the transmission of power and information.
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