The main structure of the WZDLQH30 vacuum aluminum brazing furnace is shown in Figure 3.
3 Development of foreign vacuum heat treatment equipment and process technology
3.1 Gas-fired vacuum furnace [10,11]
The oil crisis of the 1970s caused a great blow to the economy of Western countries. Since then, developed countries such as Europe, the United States and Japan have attached great importance to the effective use of heat treatment energy and the improvement of thermal efficiency. Since electricity is a secondary energy source, the general fuel power generation efficiency is 30% to 35%, and the electrical energy thermal efficiency is 80% to 85%. Therefore, the thermal efficiency of the actual fuel electrical energy is about 24.0% to 29.8%. Therefore, the use of primary energy, such as natural gas heating, has the advantages of high thermal efficiency and low cost. As can be seen from Figure 4, the cost of electricity is more than four times the cost of natural gas energy. Because of this, in 1986 Germany developed and produced the first gas vacuum furnace. Over the past decade, hundreds of thousands of gas vacuum furnaces have been used in production.
Advantages of gas vacuum furnaces compared to electric heating vacuum furnaces:
(1) Higher productivity and high thermal efficiency;
(2) lower operating costs;
(3) Easy maintenance;
(4) All features of an electric heating vacuum furnace.
Table 1 lists the production demand plans of major European gas vacuum furnace manufacturers. It can be seen that the output of gas vacuum furnaces in 2002 was 6.5 times that of 1997. Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 are respectively a complete view of the gas vacuum furnace and a structural diagram of the gas radiant tube heating vacuum furnace.
3.2 Semi-continuous and continuous vacuum furnace [11]
Compared with the batch vacuum furnace, the production efficiency of the semi-continuous vacuum furnace can be increased by 25% to 30%, and the production efficiency of the continuous vacuum furnace can be increased by 40% to 50%. In addition, semi-continuous and continuous vacuum furnaces have less heat loss, high thermal efficiency, energy-saving materials (gas, oil, etc.) and low production costs. The structure and appearance of the semi-continuous and continuous vacuum furnaces are shown in Figures 7 and 8, respectively.
3.3 Fluidized Vacuum Furnace [11]
The mechanical fluidized single chamber vacuum furnace has a unique structure and is controlled by a computer. Developed by Kemp Development Corp, Houston, TX, the unit combines high fluid-flow coefficient and clean vacuum cleaner. The mechanical fluidized vacuum furnace can complete various heat treatment processes such as carburizing, nitriding, oxidation, boronizing, austenitizing, etc., and the degree of automation is high, and the modified product can also be used for processing powder metallurgy products.
Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view of the mechanical fluidized vacuum furnace, showing its internal structure and drive. A modified mechanical fluidized vacuum furnace for powder metallurgy processing has the structure shown in FIG.
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