Spider silk has more toughness than all existing synthetic fibers and is known as a “bio-steelâ€. It is an ideal choice for new materials. Can you use a wide range of silk proteins to weave the "super fiber" that is comparable to the spider silk, and become the direction of the global research community? The biomolecular research group of the Fudan Polymer Science Department and the Advanced Materials Laboratory is at the forefront. . They not only proved that the silk fibroin does not lose the mechanical structural properties of spider silk protein, but also improved the artificial silk which has twice the mechanical properties than the natural silk by perfecting the regenerated silk preparation process. This "Key Issues in Bionic Preparation of Animal Silk" project won the first prize of the Natural Science Award yesterday.
Under the leadership of Professor Shao Zhengzhong, the research team found that silk and spider silk are consistent in terms of filament formation mechanism and structure at all levels. In theory, the mechanical properties of the two should be relatively close, but due to the "8"-shaped silking behavior of silkworms in the process of adulteration, there will be more "weak spots" in the turning point of silkworm silk, which is easy to break. More fragile than spider silk. After changing the silk making method ("pressing" the silkworm's head and pulling the silk at a constant speed at a constant speed instead of directly using the silkworm silk), the mechanical properties of the two were tested. The results showed that the silk mechanics was pulled. Performance is not weaker than spider silk. This discovery broke the general stereotype of the international academic community "to artificially imitate the 'super fiber' such as spider silk, first of all, the need to prepare a large number of spider silk proteins. The related paper was published in "Nature" in 2002 and won wide attention.
On the basis of a new understanding of silk protein, the research team also found a special method through a large number of basic research, using the corresponding spinning equipment, spinning "super silk" in the laboratory, to prove by practice Only by regulating and optimizing the preparation process, the silk protein itself, which is expensive and inexpensive, may also become a "super fiber" with comparable performance to spider silk.
At present, the team is working with Huashan Hospital, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, etc. to jointly study the feasibility of silk protein and other materials to improve the performance of biomedical materials. They found that modification with silk fibroin on tracheal stents, hernia patches, and uterine slings significantly improved biocompatibility, reduced tissue adhesion, and promoted cell growth.
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