Six notes on winter green manure production

Since the large-scale application of chemical fertilizers in the mid-to-late 1980s, it has brought a large negative effect to agricultural production. In particular, the impact of cultivated land quality is prominent. Firstly, the soil aggregate structure is decreased, the block structure is increased, the permeability is deteriorated, and the fertilizer requirement is increasing year by year. Secondly, the soil pH decreases and the overall production capacity decreases. To solve the practical problems in this agricultural production, it is imperative to develop winter green manure production. According to the measurement, each 1000 kg of Chinese milk vetch is 3.3 kg of pure nitrogen, 0.8 kg of phosphorus pentoxide and 2.3 kg of potassium oxide. Each acre of Ziyunying 1500 kg, equivalent to 11 kg of urea, 10 kg of superphosphate, 5.8 kg of potassium chloride, can also increase soil organic matter at a rate of 0.1% per year. Therefore, it is effective to improve the soil structure, enhance the comprehensive production capacity of the soil, and improve the sustainable production of agriculture. Therefore, the development of winter green manure production is of great significance. It is hoped that the majority of farmers will strengthen green manure planting to alleviate the current trend of declining soil productivity and the contradiction of fertilizer supply. The cultivation techniques are as follows:

1. Select seeds and plant them according to local conditions. The main choices for planting early rice fields in some areas of the city are Xiangfei No. 3, Anhui and Henan. It is more suitable to choose Ningbo Bridge and Yujiang Big Leaf for dry land and medium rice fields.

2. Do a good job of seed dressing and planting at the right time. There is a layer of wax on the surface of the seeds of Astragalus membranaceus, which is not easy to absorb water. Therefore, the seeds are slow to germinate. Before sowing, the seeds are added with about 30% of the chaff or river sand in the armpit for 10-20 minutes to increase the germination rate. At the same time, the rhizobium was inoculated, and 2 kg of superphosphate was mixed per kg of seeds for seed dressing. Seeding recommendations are based on the way the late rice is harvested. The mechanical harvesting is carried out in time after the machine is harvested. The field is required to be wet when sowing.

3. Do a good job in the "three ditch" package. After harvesting the double-season late rice, it is necessary to open new ditch in time, deepen the old ditch, and make the “three ditch” (main ditch, furrow, and ditch). Generally, every 2 meters or so, a trench is opened, and the depth of the ditch is about 0.2 meters. The main ditch and the surrounding ditch should be used to break the bottom of the plow, so that the ditch can communicate with each other.

4, apply good fertilizer. In the middle of December, 20-25 kg of calcium phosphate per acre was applied to fully exert the effect of increasing nitrogen by phosphorus.

5, promote early morning after spring. To achieve early Qing "three ditch." In the spring, there is a lot of rain. In order to create a good soil dry and wet condition for Ziyun Ying, it is necessary to clear the ditch and drain in the early spring to make the rain stop. At the same time, apply the grass fertilizer. After the spring, the growth rate of the milk vetch increased, and the need for nutrients increased. Therefore, it is necessary to look at the field, see the seedlings, and apply the quick-acting effect to promote the spring hair. Generally, apply 3-5kg of urea per mu to achieve the purpose of changing the small fertilizer for the big fertilizer and the inorganic fertilizer for the organic fertilizer.

6, timely prevention of pests and diseases. The diseases of Chinese milk vetch are mainly sclerotinia, powdery mildew, etc.; pests mainly include thrips, aphids, and leaf miners. The prediction of diseases and insect pests should be done in a timely manner, and the prevention and treatment should be carried out in a timely manner.

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