Sugarcane is an asexually propagated crop. After large-scale application, the accumulation of pathogens such as perennial dwarf disease and sugarcane mosaic disease may lead to species degradation and yield reduction. The yield of sugarcane stems can be reduced by 10%, and some even up to About 50%, the loss of the arid cane area is more serious, in addition, it will cause the quality of sugar cane to deteriorate. Healthy sugarcane seedlings can maintain the seed quality of sugarcane varieties, increase sugarcane yield by 10% to 30%, and increase sucrose by more than 0.5%. The promotion and application of sugarcane healthy seedlings is the main control of sugarcane mosaic disease and perennial dwarf disease. One of the technologies. The following is a summary of the planting techniques for promoting healthy sugarcane seedlings in recent years. The techniques for planting healthy sugarcane seedlings are summarized below.
Summary of spring planting techniques for sugarcane healthy seedlings
First, the land preparation
1. Soil preparation: deep and deep-slung sugarcane land with large and medium-sized tractors, 45 to 50 cm deep, one plow or two plows, and the sugarcane land is required to reach deep, loose, fine and flat.
2. Open planting ditch: the row spacing is 110-120 cm, the planting ditch is 30-40 cm deep, and the bottom of the ditch is about 20 cm wide; the bottom of the ditch is flat, retaining 5 cm thick finely divided loose soil.
Second, seedling treatment
1. Chopping seeds: When cutting seeds, cut double buds, choppers should be sharp, buds to both sides, cut with one knife, cut into straight faces, do not break sugarcane species; cut off worm buds, dead bud segments; remove gas roots Many and mixed plants. The stems of the cane stems are uniform, the cane buds are full, and the stems of the non-hollow Puxin are selected, and the old shoots and the young shoots are planted separately to improve the seedling quality.
2. Sun-breeding: The tip is reserved for seeding. Because of its high water content, it needs to be dried for 1 to 3 days until the sheath is slightly shrunk, which can increase the emergence rate.
3. Soaking seeds and disinfection: soaking with 2% lime water for 12 to 24 hours, or soaking with 50% carbendazim WP 800 to 1000 times for 5 to 10 minutes for disinfection.
Third, timely planting
Xingbin District is located in the subtropical zone, and the spring weather is warmer. The spring planting sugarcane is suitable for planting from late February to early March.
1. Base fertilizer: 750-1050 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer per hectare, 150 kg of potassium chloride, 225 kg of urea, or 375 kg of high-efficiency compound fertilizer per hectare, or 225-375 kg of diammonium phosphate. The fertilizer is evenly spread on the plant. The bottom of the cane groove is mixed well with the soil at the bottom of the ditch to prevent the fertilizer from being damaged by contact with the stem.
2. The following amount: the healthy seedlings of sugarcane have the characteristics of more tillering and early tillering, and give full play to the advantages of the group and the individual. The sugarcane stems per hectare are 30,000 (double buds, about 6000 kg), and the pendulum is 6 per meter. ~ 8 buds, single row discharge. The stems are laid flat, the buds are on both sides, and the stems are gently pressed by hand to make them close to the soil. After the next planting, if the soil is moist (hand grabbing a bunch, landing is scattered), there is no need to pour water. If the soil is dry, it needs to be drenched. After the stem is placed, cover the stem with a small amount of water and cover the fine wet soil immediately. The cover soil is turtle-shaped and no more than 5 cm thick.
4. Spraying herbicides and covering the mulch
1. Spraying herbicides: When applying herbicides, the soil moisture should be appropriate. Use 80% acetochlor 1800-2250 ml per hectare to water 750 kg, evenly spray the planting ditch. After spraying, the soil should not be turned, otherwise it will be lost. Herbicidal effect.
2. Covering the mulch film: After spraying the herbicide on the sugarcane ditch, cover the sugarcane special mulch with a thickness of 0.005-0.008 mm and a width of 40-50 cm. When covering the film, straighten and flatten it, close to the ground, and plant the exposed film. When the film is more than 20 cm wide, the pre-emergence herbicide is sprayed between the planting rows after the film is covered.
V. Field management
1. Seedling stage decidua: After the sugarcane emerges, some sugarcane seedlings have not broken the membrane. It is necessary to use a small stick to break the mulch to expose the seedlings, prevent the high temperature in the membrane from burning the sugarcane seedlings, resulting in lack of seedlings.
2. Applying seedling fertilizer: On the basis of applying the base fertilizer, timely promote seedling fertilizer and cultivate strong seedlings. When the sugarcane seedlings grow 4 to 5 true leaves, 225 kg of urea per hectare and 150 kg of potassium chloride are applied. After fertilization, the fertilizer is covered and the weeds are removed.
3. cultivating and cultivating soil: When the sugarcane seedlings reach the basic seedlings, the cultivating soil is cultivated. Generally, it is more suitable to cultivate soil from the end of April to the beginning of May. Combined with cultivating and cultivating soil, 51% (25-10-16) compound fertilizer per 1800 kg is applied to ensure the nutrients needed for the large elongation period of sugarcane.
4. Field management in the middle and late stages of sugarcane seedlings: same as conventional varieties.
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