With the rapid development of China's agriculture and the increasing application of chemical fertilizers, how to improve the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers has attracted people's attention. At present, there are many types of agricultural fertilizers, including unit fertilizers, binary and ternary compound fertilizers, and multi-element compound fertilizers. Due to their different chemical properties, the forms of various nutrients applied in the soil and the absorption and utilization of crops are also Different. The utilization rate of chemical fertilizer refers to the percentage (%) of the amount of fertilizer absorbed by the crops in the current season and the amount of fertilizer applied. Due to the influence of single fertilization, fertilization amount and improper fertilization methods, the utilization rate of fertilizer is generally low, among which nitrogen fertilizer is 18% to 45%, phosphate fertilizer is 12.5% ​​to 30%, and potassium fertilizer is 30%. ~50%, only about 60% of developed countries. This not only wastes fertilizer resources, increases production costs, but also causes serious pollution of the environment, and becomes a limiting factor for agricultural efficiency and farmers' income. In order to solve this problem, we must master the following five elements:
Determining the optimum amount of fertilizer to determine the optimal amount of fertilizer is the key to improving the utilization rate of fertilizer. According to the fertilizer requirement of crops and the ability of soil fertility, we insist on the principle of what fertilizer is missing in the soil, and how much fertilizer is needed to determine the optimal amount of fertilizer for crops.
There are many types of nitrogen synergists and controlled release fertilizer nitrogen synergists, mainly including urease inhibitors. It can be made into long-acting urea with urea in a ratio of 1:50. Formaldehyde and urea can be made into formaldehyde urea. There are coated urea and so on. It is also possible to directly select controlled release fertilizers that meet the national standards. These fertilizers are used as a base fertilizer at one time, and no longer topdressing afterwards. This not only saves the number of fertilizations, but also achieves the pre-fertilization of the soil, the period of growth of the crops is not mad, and the period is not detached. The effect of fertilizer, the fertilizer efficiency period is extended from 40 to 50 days to 100 to 120 days, the nitrogen utilization rate is increased from 35% to 40% to 60% to 75%, and the average yield of crops is increased by 10% to 15%.
Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizers are indispensable for the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements needed to apply crops. The best results can be achieved according to the proportion of crops required for various nutrients. The test proved that the utilization rate of single application of urea was 26.6%. If urea and superphosphate were applied in a ratio of 1:0.5 to 0.6, the utilization rate of urea could be increased to 39.6%. The application effect of potassium fertilizer is also more and more obvious. On the basis of applying nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer, 5-10 kg of potassium chloride per 667 square meters (1 mu) can be used, and the comprehensive utilization ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium can be increased by 6%~ 10%. The crop requires less micro-fertilizer, but it can also achieve good results when combined with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Generally, it should be applied according to the needs of crops every other year. The amount of fertilizer applied should be 1.5-2 kg per 667 square meters.
Grasping the best fertilization time Long-acting fertilizer and controlled-release fertilizer should be applied as a base fertilizer at one time, no need to apply fertilizer. Other types of fertilizers should be used in the most sensitive period of crop fertilizers according to the growth period of crops and fertilizer requirements. Generally, according to the fertility characteristics of crops, the principles of light, medium and heavy supplements should be mastered.
Choosing the appropriate fertilization method The soil texture is different, and the fertilization method used is different. Generally, the clay soil should be based on the base fertilizer and early application of top dressing. Sandy soil should adopt “small number of timesâ€, that is, the method of “small food and more mealsâ€. The loamy soil should be based on the combination of base fertilizer and base fertilizer and topdressing. Regardless of the nature of the soil, it is strictly forbidden to apply fertilizer on the surface. Deep application of nitrogen fertilizer can effectively prevent the volatilization and loss of nutrients, and the depth of fertilization should be 12-15 cm. Phosphorus, potash fertilizer and micro-fertilizer should be applied in full-layer fertilization, that is, the fertilizer should be used in places where crop roots can be contacted, so as to facilitate the absorption and utilization of crops. That is, 2/3 of the applied base fertilizer is sprinkled on the surface of the ground, and then ploughed, and the remaining 1/3 of the ploughed is sprinkled on the hoe, and then the mash is used to evenly distribute the fertilizer in the soil, so that the fertilizer utilization rate can be utilized. Increase by 8% to 10%.
Determining the optimum amount of fertilizer to determine the optimal amount of fertilizer is the key to improving the utilization rate of fertilizer. According to the fertilizer requirement of crops and the ability of soil fertility, we insist on the principle of what fertilizer is missing in the soil, and how much fertilizer is needed to determine the optimal amount of fertilizer for crops.
There are many types of nitrogen synergists and controlled release fertilizer nitrogen synergists, mainly including urease inhibitors. It can be made into long-acting urea with urea in a ratio of 1:50. Formaldehyde and urea can be made into formaldehyde urea. There are coated urea and so on. It is also possible to directly select controlled release fertilizers that meet the national standards. These fertilizers are used as a base fertilizer at one time, and no longer topdressing afterwards. This not only saves the number of fertilizations, but also achieves the pre-fertilization of the soil, the period of growth of the crops is not mad, and the period is not detached. The effect of fertilizer, the fertilizer efficiency period is extended from 40 to 50 days to 100 to 120 days, the nitrogen utilization rate is increased from 35% to 40% to 60% to 75%, and the average yield of crops is increased by 10% to 15%.
Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizers are indispensable for the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements needed to apply crops. The best results can be achieved according to the proportion of crops required for various nutrients. The test proved that the utilization rate of single application of urea was 26.6%. If urea and superphosphate were applied in a ratio of 1:0.5 to 0.6, the utilization rate of urea could be increased to 39.6%. The application effect of potassium fertilizer is also more and more obvious. On the basis of applying nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer, 5-10 kg of potassium chloride per 667 square meters (1 mu) can be used, and the comprehensive utilization ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium can be increased by 6%~ 10%. The crop requires less micro-fertilizer, but it can also achieve good results when combined with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Generally, it should be applied according to the needs of crops every other year. The amount of fertilizer applied should be 1.5-2 kg per 667 square meters.
Grasping the best fertilization time Long-acting fertilizer and controlled-release fertilizer should be applied as a base fertilizer at one time, no need to apply fertilizer. Other types of fertilizers should be used in the most sensitive period of crop fertilizers according to the growth period of crops and fertilizer requirements. Generally, according to the fertility characteristics of crops, the principles of light, medium and heavy supplements should be mastered.
Choosing the appropriate fertilization method The soil texture is different, and the fertilization method used is different. Generally, the clay soil should be based on the base fertilizer and early application of top dressing. Sandy soil should adopt “small number of timesâ€, that is, the method of “small food and more mealsâ€. The loamy soil should be based on the combination of base fertilizer and base fertilizer and topdressing. Regardless of the nature of the soil, it is strictly forbidden to apply fertilizer on the surface. Deep application of nitrogen fertilizer can effectively prevent the volatilization and loss of nutrients, and the depth of fertilization should be 12-15 cm. Phosphorus, potash fertilizer and micro-fertilizer should be applied in full-layer fertilization, that is, the fertilizer should be used in places where crop roots can be contacted, so as to facilitate the absorption and utilization of crops. That is, 2/3 of the applied base fertilizer is sprinkled on the surface of the ground, and then ploughed, and the remaining 1/3 of the ploughed is sprinkled on the hoe, and then the mash is used to evenly distribute the fertilizer in the soil, so that the fertilizer utilization rate can be utilized. Increase by 8% to 10%.
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