Today, the Ministry of Construction promotes energy-efficient buildings. The auspicious home residential building project constructed by our unit is the first to adopt the external wall insulation system in Chifeng. The project is designed as a thick red brick wall with a thickness of 240 thick polystyrene foam board. Since this practice has never been used in the region, the construction unit has no such experience. In order to ensure the construction quality, we organized personnel to visit the field, and formulated a detailed and detailed construction plan, and selected the experienced professional construction team to make The quality of the project has reached a very high level. Now let me give a brief introduction on the construction of the external insulation system.
1 The characteristics of the external wall insulation system The external wall insulation structure has the best technical effect among the three structures. Among them, the polystyrene board external thermal insulation wall system is a high-efficiency thermal insulation and energy-saving composite wall, which is the best energy-saving building in China. select.
1.1 The composition of the external wall insulation system is made of adhesive mortar with strong construction adhesive glue. The polystyrene foam board is attached to the outside of the wall to form the insulation layer. Then, the alkali-resistant fiber mesh cloth is laid on the surface and the surface is coated. Layer of clay.
1.2 Characteristics of external wall insulation system 1.2.1 Energy saving effect is remarkable. Polystyrene external thermal insulation technology is to stick polystyrene board on the outer surface of the base wall, and its thermal insulation performance can effectively reduce the thermal conductivity of the wall, eliminate the cold bridge, reduce the intrusion of air, and make each layer of the base wall The section is in the positive temperature range, avoiding the problem of frost damage of the wall in the alpine region, and can save 50%. Under the same heating design indoor temperature, the internal surface temperature of the outer wall can reach more than 14 in winter, the indoor thermal environment is improved, and the comfort is good. .
1.2.2 Wide range of applications. The external thermal insulation technology has a wide application range, especially suitable for exterior wall insulation in severe cold areas or for earthquake-resistant buildings, exterior wall insulation of high-rise buildings, and energy-saving renovation of old houses, which are not restricted by the main structure type of the outer wall.
2 Raw materials used in the outer insulation system of polystyrene board external insulation system are: polystyrene foam board, alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh cloth, strong building adhesive, water and auxiliary materials.
Polystyrene foam board is abbreviated as polystyrene board. The board has various performances, good toughness, good freeze-thaw resistance, good heat preservation and heat insulation performance, especially suitable for building wall insulation.
The performance index of polystyrene board should meet the requirements of Table 1 and Table 2 in addition to the requirements of the flame retardant type specified in GB/T10801 Styrofoam for heat insulation.
Table 1 Performance index of polystyrene board Test item Performance index Apparent density Kg/m3 Tensile strength MP curing time d Natural curing> Steam curing 60°> Table 2 Allowable deviation of polystyrene board Test item Allowable deviation thickness mm length, width Mm diagonal mm plate edge straight mm plate surface flatness mm 2.2 alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh cloth This kind of mesh cloth has good alkali corrosion resistance, high strength, light weight, no burning, small elongation and Good impact resistance is a reinforcing material for the protective layer of the external thermal insulation wall system.
The strong construction adhesive is made of high molecular polymer, mixed with appropriate amount of additives and various composite materials by special process. The rubber used in the external thermal insulation system should have strong bonding ability. It is suitable for the bonding and covering of polystyrene board and external thermal insulation wall. It should also have durability, water resistance, freeze-thaw resistance, folding resistance and resistance. Impact, water retention performance, high strength and so on.
24 water mixed with water in the cement and plaster should be domestic drinking water in line with national standards, and no surface water or industrial wastewater should be used.
25 anchor bulging nails If the external thermal insulation project needs to be reinforced, it can be anchored by polystyrene bulge, and it can also be used for reliable nylon anchoring.
3 External thermal insulation wall construction method Thermal insulation layer construction base wall requirements. (1) The wall with polystyrene board external insulation must be finished on the basis of the mortar leveling layer on the outer surface of the base wall, and can be constructed after passing the base layer acceptance and the substrate adhesion test. If the wall surface does not meet the requirements of the relevant standards, apply cement mortar to level. The flatness and verticality of the wall are measured by a 2 meter ruler, and the flatness is less than 2mm, and the verticality is less than or equal to 3mm. (2) The surface of the base layer should be strong, free of pollution and harmful impurities.
Construction tools are prepared. (1) Portable agitator: rotating speed 450 rpm, and equipped with a stirring container. (2) Wallpaper knife: used to cut polystyrene board or fiberglass mesh cloth during construction. Rubber bucket: used to hold adhesive or plastering clay during construction. (4) Iron sand skin: It is used for the brushing treatment of polystyrene board, and the sand skin is nailed on the wooden block for convenient and durable. (5) Bricklayer tools: Some common bricklayer tools are required. Such as by the ruler, tape measure, iron trowel, level ruler and so on. (6) Other tools: impact drill, broom, hand brush, wire brush, etc.
According to the requirements of the design drawings, the elastic line firstly moves the horizontal line of the scattered water along the base wall to determine the sticking modulus of the polystyrene board, and determines from the bottom to the top, from left to right. Polystyrene board paste each row of polystyrene board should be up and down staggered, its width should be greater than 100mm. If expansion joints are needed, the deformation joints should be ejected on the wall surface.
The formulated adhesive clay is prepared according to the instructions for use of the glue.
3.2.5 Paste polystyrene board. (1) The polystyrene board is adhered by a frame glue method.
Take the standard size 600X500 board as an example: apply a circle of agitated clay around the surface of the board. The width of the 50mm side is left with a 30mm×50mm vent hole; the board center is evenly arranged with 4 glue points. When pasting other specifications of polystyrene board, except for the same example, apply a layer of glue around the board surface, the board center should be evenly distributed with glue points, the number of which is determined according to the actual board surface.
After compaction, the average thickness should be about 3mm0.5mm, and the bonding area with the wall is not less than 40% of the area of ​​the polystyrene board. (2) The seam requirement. Polystyrene board adhered on the base layer, the gap between the board and the board should be tight, the maximum gap should not exceed 2imn. The board surface is vertical and flat, and the allowable deviation is not more than 3mm. The height difference of the board surface should not exceed 1.0mm. The door and window openings are pasted. The exterior doors and windows must be installed according to the design and meet the requirements of relevant regulations. The polystyrene board adhered to the periphery of the door and window openings should be covered with adhesive cement. The joints of the polystyrene board at the corners of the door and window openings and the wall should be more than 100mm. Claim. When the polystyrene board is pasted on the wall surface, it should be pressed slightly to make the bonding cement tightly bond with the wall surface, and it is flush with the pasted polystyrene board (check the flatness with a level ruler), and the seam is tight. Do not apply glue to the cement (reduced cold bridge). If the paste is not flat, remove it and paste it immediately. Each time a piece of board is pasted, the extruded cement should be removed in time. If there is a gap between the plates, apply a polystyrene board of the corresponding width to fill.
3.2.6 After the polishing and grading of the polystyrene board and the wall, the construction should be at least 24h to be polished to prevent the polystyrene board from moving and weaken the bonding strength between the board and the base wall.
Polystyrene board joints are unevenly applied with 24 mesh coarse sandpaper or special tools to polish the entire wall. Do not follow the parallel direction of the board when grinding, but do a gentle circular motion. After the wall is polished, the polystyrene board scraps should be cleaned and the flatness should be checked with the 2m ruler.
The construction of the protective layer for the protective layer must be carried out after the paste on the polystyrene board surface for 24 hours and after sanding and leveling. The dust and deposits on the polystyrene board should be cleaned before construction.
Laying an alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh 1 bonding layer. Before pasting the mesh cloth, a layer of adhesive clay should be evenly applied on the surface of the polystyrene board. The thickness of the polystyrene board should be 1. The glue should not be applied to the side of the polystyrene board except for the wrapping requirements.
3.42 laying a reinforcement net. The reinforcement of the glass fiber mesh cloth should be made at the corners of the outer wall and the corners of the door and window openings and the outdoor floor line above 1.5m to 2.0m. The width of the reinforcing mesh on both sides of the outer corner of the outer wall shall not be less than 200mm; the fiberglass mesh cloth at the entrance and exit of the door and window shall be wrapped around the window of the entry window and attached to the door and window frame. If the distance between the skin of the door and window frame and the surface of the base wall is greater than or equal to 50 mm, the mesh cloth is pasted with the base wall; if it is less than 50 mm, it must be edged. The reinforced mesh cloth should be located under a large area of ​​standard mesh cloth.
3 laying standard nets. Paste large-area glass fiber standard mesh cloth in the order of first up, down, first left and right. Applying the underlying bonding paste on the surface of the polystyrene board in advance, the width should be 200mm longer than the width of the glass fiber mesh, slightly larger than the length of a mesh cloth, and the large-area mesh cloth is stretched horizontally. The trowel is smoothed by the upper and lower sides of the mesh, so that it is tightly attached or slightly embedded in the adhesive clay. The left and right overlapping width of the mesh cloth is not less than 70mm, and the upper and lower overlapping width is not less than 100mm. Apply a little more adhesive to the leveling area. When attaching the fiberglass mesh cloth, it is strictly forbidden to loosen the mesh, dislocation, tilt, outer drum, wrinkles, and curling.
Applying the surface layer of cement 3.5.1 When the adhesive clay on the alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh cloth is slightly dry and hard enough to touch, apply the surface layer of clay immediately to improve the impact resistance and crack resistance. The thickness of the protective layer is 1.5mm-2.0mm ("cloth two glue"). The total thickness of the protective layer is between 2Qnm and 2. 5mm. The total thickness of the protective layer of the two-layer fiberglass mesh cloth (two cloths and three glues) is 25mm. Between 3.5mm. 3.5.2 Surface quality requirements. After the outermost surface glue is wiped out, it is strictly forbidden to expose the glass fiber mesh cloth, and there should be no obvious traces of fiberglass mesh development, sand holes, smears, joints and the like.
3.5.3 When making a protective layer, dry cement is strictly prohibited in any part. During construction, it is strictly forbidden to expose to sunlight. The protective layer of cement is prohibited from rushing with water before final setting. The protective layer of cement is strictly prohibited from impacting vibration during curing.
4 When the engineering inspection and acceptance of raw materials technical performance acceptance and acceptance, the materials used in the system engineering and technical performance indicators shall be verified and must comply with the regulations.
The area of ​​the cloth and the surrounding area of ​​the cloth and the distribution of the point of the glue and the distribution and quantity of the glue points shall comply with the regulations.
Adhesive layer paste quality polystyrene board and the base or base layer should be firmly adhered, the joint between the plates should be tight and flat, and the bond strength should be greater than 0.1Mpa. 44 mesh cloth laying the alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh cloth in the quality protection layer, The transverse and longitudinal fibers should not be inclined, and the length of the overlap should meet the requirements; the surface should be flat and free of wrinkles.
(Responsible editor Wang Wenjiang) (Continued from page 98) 1 indicates that the side is far away.
7m moving prism in the cross-sectional direction 8. Using the total station to measure the height difference 1 = 2.22m to indicate the calculated distance and the assumed fit, this point is the lower side to be found 4 Conclusion The above method is the deep excavation section And the accurate method of measuring the pay-off line of the high-filled subgrade sideline is convenient and applicable during construction, avoiding the inaccuracy of the simple take-up of the tape measure and the flower bar in the past. In addition, in deep trenches, slopes, and alpine terrain, when the traditional method cannot be accurately measured, the total station can measure the foot of the embankment; the opening of the road, especially the total station, can be set up anywhere in the case of viewing. And can measure many cross-section edges at the same point at the same time, avoid frequent moving of the instrument, and do not need to use the gauge distance, which is better than the theodolite slope measurement. If the 4800 calculator program is staked out, the efficiency will be higher. (Responsible editor Bai Xiuyun)
(Finish)
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