How to prevent radiation

Radiation is a negative product of modern social science and technology development. How to prevent radiation is a concern for everyone. Only with a true understanding of what radiation is, there are several types of radiation that can be targeted.

Radiation that causes the ionization of matter, either directly or indirectly, is called ionizing radiation. Among them, α, β and other charged particles can directly cause the ionization of the substance, which is called direct ionizing radiation; γ photons, neutrons and other non-charged particles cannot directly ionize the substance and are called non-directly ionizing radiation. With the development of the nuclear industry, the exploration, mining and smelting of nuclear materials, the production and use of nuclear fuel and reactors, and the application of radioactive nuclear elements in industrial, agricultural, and medical diagnostics, there are increasing numbers of people exposed to ionizing radiation.

An occupational disease caused by ionizing radiation is called a radiation sickness. There are two types of acute radiation sickness and chronic radiation sickness. Acute radiation sickness is a systemic lesion caused by one or more large doses of radiation in the short term. It is more common in accidents in the application of nuclear energy and radiation devices or in occupational injuries due to poor protection. It is mainly caused by bone marrow and other hematopoietic system damage, there are cases of intestinal paralysis, intestinal obstruction; chronic radiation sickness is a long period of time caused by excessive dose exposure caused by systemic injury, mostly in the protective conditions of poor external exposure workplace. Headaches, fatigue, memory loss, and digestive disorders are common.

In addition to systemic radiation sickness, ionizing radiation can also cause localized radioactive dermatitis and radioactive cataracts.

Non-ionizing radiation Non-ionizing radiation means ultraviolet light, infrared light, laser light, and radio frequency radiation.

The effects of RF radiation on health The exposure to radio frequency radiation includes metal heat treatment, surface hardening, metal melting, etc. Unshielded high-frequency output transformer is a major radiation source; food, leather, tea, etc. are heat-treated using a microwave heating furnace. The operator may be exposed to microwave radiation.

In the production process, chronic low-intensity radiation usually affects the nervous system, the eye and the cardiovascular system, and can cause central nervous system and autonomic dysfunction. Workers who have been exposed to high-intensity microwaves for a long time can accelerate the aging process of the lens. Causes retinopathy; the main effect on the cardiovascular system is bradycardia and blood pressure.

Influence of Infrared Radiation on Health The infrared radiation source in the natural world is the strongest in the sun. It is used for open-air operations such as construction sites and transportation. The intensity of infrared radiation in the summer is very strong. In the production, the operations that contact the infrared radiation source include metal heating, molten glass, etc. Workers, rolling mills, foundry workers, glass melters, porcelain kiln workers, etc. can receive infrared radiation.

The effect of infrared rays on the human body is mainly the eyes and the skin. Long-term exposure to fire or heated infrared radiation can cause cataracts. Cataracts cause vision loss, usually in both eyes. Occupational cataracts have been included in the list of occupational diseases, such as cataracts of glass workers, which mostly occur in workers with longer service years. The skin is exposed to long-term infrared rays and pigmentation may occur locally.

Health effects of lasers Lasers are also electromagnetic waves. The various types of lasers currently used are non-ionizing radiation. The broad application of laser waves is mainly due to its characteristic of concentrated radiation energy. It is mainly used for cutting, drilling, and micro-welding of metal and plastic parts in production. The health effects of lasers are mainly due to its thermal effects and mechanical damage caused by photochemical effects. When the eye is exposed to laser light, it can suddenly appear glare, blurred vision, or fixed shadows, or even loss of vision. The laser can also cause damage to the skin. Mild damage is manifested as erythema reaction and pigmentation. When the dose is large, blisters and skin ulcers can occur.

Protection of electromagnetic radiation Protection of non-ionizing radiation As the field energy generated by the electromagnetic field radiation source weakens as the distance increases, it is as far away from the radiation source as possible without affecting the operation; it is effective to avoid working in front of the radiation stream. Prevent microwave radiation. In order to prevent radiation from directly acting on the human body, it is very important to use protective equipment in a reasonable manner. Wear metal protective clothing to prevent radio frequency radiation, wear microwave shielding suits, infrared protective clothing, protective caps, protective glasses, etc. to prevent microwave and infrared radiation. The focus of laser and infrared protection is on the protection of the eyes. In addition to wearing protective glasses, the eye must be checked regularly.

The operators of ionizing radiation protection should be familiar with the operating procedures and safety operation procedures. Before the work, they should carefully prepare all kinds of preparations, such as familiar with the radiation intensity of the radioactive nuclear elements used; after the work is completed, the appliances should be cleaned in time to remove radioactive pollutants; Wash hands or bathe when leaving the workplace. Proper use of protective equipment, such as working clothes, protective glasses, masks, face shields, etc. It is forbidden to eat, drink, smoke, and store food in a radioactive workplace.