Sulfur dioxide (chemical formula: SO2) is the most common sulfur oxide. A colorless gas with a strong pungent odor. One of the major pollutants in the atmosphere. This gas is emitted when a volcano erupts, and sulfur dioxide is also produced in many industrial processes. Since coal and petroleum usually contain sulfur compounds, sulfur dioxide is formed during combustion. When sulfur dioxide is dissolved in water, sulfurous acid (the main component of acid rain) is formed. If SO2 is further oxidized, sulfuric acid is usually formed in the presence of a catalyst such as nitrogen dioxide. This is one of the reasons for the concern about the environmental effects of using these fuels as energy sources.
Health hazard
Sulfur dioxide is easily absorbed by the wet mucosal surface to form sulfurous acid and sulfuric acid. It has a strong stimulating effect on the eye and respiratory mucosa. A large amount of inhalation can cause pulmonary edema, laryngeal edema, vocal cords and suffocation.
When mildly poisoned, tearing, photophobia, cough, burning of throat and throat, etc.; severe poisoning can cause pulmonary edema within a few hours; very high concentration of inhalation can cause reflex glottic sputum and cause suffocation. Inflammation or burns in the skin or eye contact. Chronic effects: long-term low-level exposure, may have headache, dizziness, fatigue and other systemic symptoms as well as chronic rhinitis, pharyngitis, bronchitis, smell and taste loss. A small number of workers have dental erosion.
related information
Sulfur dioxide is a colorless gas with a strong pungent odor. The main way to invade the human body is through the respiratory tract.
After entering the human body, sulfur dioxide first reacts with water on the surface of the respiratory mucosa to form sulfurous acid, which is then oxidized to form sulfuric acid. Therefore, sulfur dioxide has a strong stimulating effect on the respiratory mucosa.
Animal experiments show that: sulfur dioxide is absorbed through the respiratory tract, the distribution of the amount in the tissue is the highest in the trachea, followed by the lung, hilar lymph nodes and esophagus, liver, spleen and kidney. Inhalation of large amounts of sulfur dioxide can damage the deep airways and lung tissue, causing congestion in the lungs, pulmonary edema, or reflexive laryngeal spasm and suffocation.
In addition, sulfur dioxide can also bind to thiamine in the blood, thereby affecting the production of enzymes, leading to disorders in the metabolism of sugar and protein in the blood, thereby causing degenerative changes in tissues such as brain, liver and spleen.
Long-term exposure to low concentrations of sulfur dioxide, workers may have headaches, dizziness, fatigue and other symptoms, or cause chronic rhinitis, pharyngitis, bronchitis, leading to decreased sense of smell and taste. A small number of workers also suffer from dental erosion.
Emergency treatment
When a sulfur dioxide leakage accident occurs, unrelated personnel should not be on the sidelines and should be evacuated quickly.
Once the sulfur dioxide leaks, the personnel in the contaminated area should be quickly evacuated to the upper wind and immediately take isolation measures to strictly restrict the entry and exit of unrelated personnel into the contaminated area. Rescue workers wear self-contained positive pressure breathing apparatus, wear anti-virus suits, enter the scene from the upper wind; cut off the leakage source as much as possible; cover the sewers near the leak point with industrial cover or adsorption (absorption) to prevent the entry of pollutants; Reasonable ventilation, accelerate the diffusion of sulfur dioxide; dilute with spray water to construct a large amount of wastewater generated by dikes or pits; if possible, use a catcher to pass sulfur dioxide through sodium hypochlorite solution; properly treat the leaking container, repair and test Use again.
This product is not flammable. In case of high heat, the internal pressure of the container increases, posing a risk of cracking and explosion. Hazardous combustion products: sulfur oxides. When extinguishing a sulphur dioxide fire, rescuers must wear a filter-type gas mask (full face mask) or an isolated respirator, wear a full-body fire-fighting anti-virus suit, extinguish the fire in the upwind, cut off the air source, spray water to cool the container, and if possible, move the container from the fire. To the air. Rescuers should use misty water, foam, and carbon dioxide as fire extinguishing agents.
Operators who must be exposed to sulphur dioxide during operations must be specially trained to strictly follow the operating procedures. Operators should wear self-priming filter gas masks (full face masks), polyethylene protective suits, and rubber gloves. Sulfur dioxide should be stored in a cool, ventilated warehouse, away from fire and heat sources. It should be stored separately from easy (combustible) fuel, oxidant, reducing agent and food chemicals. Avoid mixing and storage. The storage temperature should not exceed 30 degrees Celsius. The warehouse should be equipped with leakage emergency treatment equipment.
Skin contact: Immediately remove contaminated clothing and rinse with plenty of running water. Seek medical attention.
Eye contact: Lift eyelids and rinse with running water or saline. Seek medical attention.
Inhalation: Remove quickly from the scene to fresh air. Keep the airway open. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. If breathing stops, perform artificial respiration immediately. Seek medical attention.
Ingestion: Rinse mouth with water, drink milk or raw egg whites. Seek medical attention.
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