According to a recent report by the Physicist Organization Network, Korean researchers have found a way to purify silicon from silica in rice husks. This kind of silicon has a natural nanopore structure, and silicon anodes made of it can avoid the capacity. Decay, thereby improving the performance of lithium-ion batteries. The study has been published in the "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences" in the United States.
Silicon can be used to make anodes for lithium-ion batteries in smart phones, electric cars and hybrid cars. Compared with the traditional graphite anodes, the theoretical capacity of the silicon alloy anodes is larger, but they are prone to capacity decay, which makes them inefficient.
Rice is the staple food of more than one third of the world's population. The global rice production can reach 422 million tons, but 20% of this is the weight of rice husk. Rice husks are commonly used to make cheap items such as fertilizer additives, animal husbandry carpets and nursery beds.
However, Korean researcher Cui Zhangyu and his team believe that rice husks can make greater use of value. Rice husk contains a large amount of silica, which accounts for almost 15% to 20% of rice husk weight, and it has evolved a nanopore structure in order to block air and moisture from entering rice grains.
The researchers first removed the metal impurities and organic components of the rice husk by adding acid and heat treatment, and then purified the silicon from the silica with magnesium. This method enables the retention of three-dimensional porous nanostructures. Finally, they coated the resulting silicon with a carbon layer and used it as an anode for a lithium button cell.
Experimental results show that these anodes are more efficient than silicon alloy anodes. Anodes made of silicon purified from rice husks have very high Coulombic efficiencies and excellent discharge capacity retention. The researchers believe that this is due to the interconnected porous structure that helps form a stable solid electrolyte interface. In contrast, the rate of volume change of silicon alloy anodes is as high as 300%, which tends to cause fracture of the alloy and instability of the formed solid electrolyte interface, and therefore there is a problem of capacity degradation.
Researchers believe that extracting silicon from rice husks will help meet the increasing demand for silicon for portable electronic devices and hybrid electric vehicle batteries, and that rice, one of the most widely grown crops in the world, can therefore contribute to the development of advanced technologies. Make a contribution. (Chen Dan)
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