Persian iris planting technology:
1. Planting location
The appendix can be planted not only in glass greenhouses or plastic film greenhouses, but also in open fields. Outdoor planting with temporary coverings, or using mobile homes, especially in spring and autumn is feasible.
Choose the most suitable location for planting. The first factors to consider are: the appropriate planting stage and the ideal planting climate and greenhouse type.
For example, if the temperature around the production stage is below 5 ° C, the bulbs must be planted in the greenhouse. This is because the appendix is ​​more susceptible to freezing damage and stops plant growth. At other times of the year, when the temperature is not higher than 25 ° C, it can be planted in the greenhouse. When the surrounding temperature is not lower than 5 ° C and the soil temperature is not higher than 20 ° C, it can be planted outdoors. The advantage of planting in the greenhouse is that it can maintain a more balanced day and night temperature and relative humidity by ventilation, shading, etc. when the outside conditions are not suitable. The quality of the crop can be improved by heating the equipment. In temperate regions, the quality of products grown in the summer is better than that in the greenhouses with poor ventilation.
2, soil
For the production of cut-tail cut flowers, it can be carried out in any type of soil as long as it is well drained, moisturizing, and not knotted (otherwise it will limit plant growth). Good soil structure is the basic condition, because it is very necessary to plant a short tail in the growing season.
In heavy loam, it is recommended to add soil such as peat, vermiculite or coarse sand to a depth of about 25 cm to improve the soil.
The soil that is easy to form, after planting, can be covered with a layer of soil such as rice husks, straw, pine needles, black peat or the like to prevent soil compaction. Secondary methods can also be used to prevent the soil from drying out quickly.
3. Drainage system
In order to allow excessive moisture to be quickly eliminated, a well-functioning drainage system should be provided. This also makes it possible to rinse the greenhouse soil with water. This treatment prevents the accumulation of salt caused by the use of less water during the planting of the fertility crop or at a certain planting stage.
4, salt sensitivity
The iris is a salt-sensitive plant. In soils with excessive salt, the roots grow slowly and even become damaged, and the plants are restricted from absorbing water, resulting in dehydration of the flowers.
In order to reduce the excessive salt concentration, the soil needs to be thoroughly rinsed before planting (200-400 mm water per square meter of soil surface).
In the cultivation of crops such as chrysanthemums, roses, carnations, tomatoes, etc., which are fertilized more or less, the salt content in the soil is too high. High soil salinity may also be caused by planting late-harvest crops such as cypress. Therefore, it is recommended that synthetic fertilizers should not be used in large quantities before or immediately after planting. To this end, a soil sampling survey should be conducted at least 6 weeks before planting, so that the values ​​of various salt contents in the soil can be obtained.
The following elements in the soil sample must not exceed the recommended levels:
Full salt (conductivity) 1.0-1.5 millimoles in soil at 25 ° C, chloride salt (edible salt) 1.5-2.0 milliequivalents, potassium salt 0.8-1.5 milliequivalents, nitrogen salts 1.0-2.0 milliequivalents, magnesium salts 2.0 milli equivalents, Phosphorus salt does not exceed 5.0 mg per liter
The level of electrolytic conductance of irrigation water must not exceed 0.5 millisiemens/cm. Chlorine salt concentrations in greenhouses should not exceed 50 mg/l; in the open field, chloride salts should not exceed 450 mg/l. If the irrigation water does not meet the standard, the production of the tail can not be carried out.
However, due to various conditions, the salt concentration in the irrigation water exceeds the standard, and the soil should be kept as moist as possible to prevent the salt concentration from rising due to soil drying.
5, fertilization
In general, it is not advisable to apply the base fertilizer before planting because it increases the concentration of salt in the soil and delays the growth of the roots of the iris. A sample survey of the soil prior to planting to ensure that the soil contains the correct nutrients. Sampling must be done after soil treatment and leaching. In this way, the nutrients that are lacking can be obtained by directly adding fertilizer to the soil in the future. The iris is sensitive to fluorine, so fluorine-containing fertilizers (phosphorus fertilizers) and triphosphate fertilizers are prohibited. Conversely, a bisphosphonate fertilizer should be used.
6, weed control
The growth process of the iris is only 8-12 weeks. In such a short growth time, if the soil is steamed, flooded, ploughed, etc., then the weeding problem does not have to be considered during plant growth. After planting, chemical herbicides are mainly used to remove weeds. However, care should be taken not to cause damage to the plants.
If the plant begins to grow weeds after planting, the herbicide can only be applied when the bulb is buried deep enough. The newly sprouted shoots of the bulbs are not affected by the herbicide at least 2 cm below the soil.
Prior to spreading the plants, the grass in the greenhouse or in the open field can be controlled by spraying a suitable herbicide. If the common herbicide does not effectively control some of the annual pasture weeds, the compound herbicide should be used instead. When applied, it is sprayed on the plants when the sky is dark, and then spray enough water. The next morning, rinse thoroughly from the top of the plant. Due to the residual nature of the herbicide, the following points must be noted. The herbicide applied per year in each plot should be limited to no more than 2 times; the herbicide should be used only when necessary; do not plant varieties that are sensitive to herbicides.
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