DHCP (Dynamic Host Configure Protocol) DHCP is the abbreviation of Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. Its predecessor is BOOTP. BOOTP was originally used on a network with a diskless host connection: the network host uses the BOOT ROM instead of the disk to boot and connect to the network, and BOOTP can automatically set the TCP/IP environment for those hosts. However, BOOTP has a disadvantage: you must obtain the client's hardware address before setting, and the correspondence with IP is static. In other words, BOOTP is very lacking in "dynamicity". If there is a limited IP resource environment, the one-to-one correspondence of BOOTP will cause a very serious waste of resources. DHCP can be said to be an enhanced version of BOOTP, which is divided into two parts: one is the server side and the other is the client side. All IP network configuration data is centrally managed by the DHCP server and is responsible for handling the client's DHCP requirements; the client uses the IP environment data assigned from the server. Compared with BOOTP, DHCP effectively and dynamically allocates the client's TCP/IP settings through the concept of "lease". Moreover, as a compatibility consideration, DHCP also fully takes care of the needs of the BOOTP Client. DHCP Allocation Form First, at least one DHCP server must work on the network. It listens for DHCP requests from the network and negotiates the TCP/IP settings environment with the client. It provides three IP positioning methods: Manual Allocation Manually assigned, the obtained IP is also called a static address. The network administrator binds a fixed IP address to some specific network-on-network or network devices, and the address does not expire. The same router can generally be divided into static IP addresses and dynamic IP addresses. For example, general household TP-LINK routers are commonly used from 192.168.1.100 to 192.168.1.254, so if your computer automatically obtains IP, it is generally That is 192.168.1.100, the next computer will be automatically assigned to 192.168.1.101 by DHCP. The 192.168.1.2~192.168.1.99 is the manual configuration of the IP segment. Automatic Allocation Automatic allocation, in which case the DHCP client will always use this address once it has been successfully leased from the DHCP server to the IP address for the first time. Dynamic Allocation Dynamic allocation, when the DHCP client leases the IP address from the DHCP server for the first time, it is not used permanently. As long as the lease expires, the client has to release the IP address for use by other workstations. Of course, the client can renew the lease more preferentially than other hosts, or lease other IP addresses. Dynamic allocation is obviously better than manual related pictures Distribution is more flexible, especially when your actual IP address is insufficient. For example, if you are an ISP, you can only provide 200 IP addresses for dial-up customers, but it does not mean that your customers can only have a maximum of 200. One. Because you know, it is impossible for your customers to go online at the same time. In addition to their different behaviors, they may also be restrictions on telephone lines. In this way, you can use these 200 addresses to be rented to the dial-up customers. That's why when you look at the IP address, it will be different for each dial-up (unless you are applying for a fixed IP, the usual ISP can satisfy this requirement, which may be charged separately). Of course, ISPs don't necessarily use DHCP to assign addresses, but the concept is the same as using IP Pool. In addition to dynamically setting the IP address, DHCP can also reserve some IP for some special-purpose machines. It can assign IP addresses according to the hardware address, which can give you more design space. At the same time, DHCP can also help the client to specify router, netmask, DNS Server, WINS Server, and so on. On the client side, there is almost no need to do any IP environment settings except tick the DHCP option. |
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