Types and properties of commonly used fertilizers in tea gardens

(1) Organic fertilizer. Refers to a variety of farmyard manure, such as human waste, cake fertilizer, manure, compost, green manure, wild plants stems and leaves. These fertilizers not only have a variety of large amounts of elements and trace elements necessary for the growth of tea trees, but also rich in organic matter, which is a complete type of fertilizer. 1 person excrement: high fat content, which contains more nitrogen, less phosphorus and potassium. 70%-80% of nitrogen is ammonia state and urea state, and the fertilizer effect is large and fast. It has a good effect on promoting the growth of tea trees, improving yield and quality, and can be applied as top dressing and base fertilizer. 2 cake fertilizer: is the dregs left by the oil seeds of various oil crops after oil extraction. It contains organic matter and three elements. 3 Manure: It is a mixture of livestock excrement and ring grass, which contains a lot of organic matter and is a complete fertilizer. It should be used as a base fertilizer in tea gardens. When applying, it should be noted that the clay is applied shallowly, and the sand is applied deeper to control the decomposition speed to make the fertilizer last. 4 Compost: It is a mixture of weeds, leaves, crop stalks, etc. The nutrient content is lower than the first three, but it has a good effect on improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil.

(2) Inorganic fertilizer. Inorganic fertilizer, also known as chemical fertilizer, is characterized by high nutrient content, the main component is easily soluble in water, and is easily converted into a state of being absorbed by tea trees. At present, the common varieties of chemical fertilizers for tea trees are: 1 Nitrogen fertilizers: Urea: Urea is neutral, highly hygroscopic, can be used as soil fertilization or foliar fertilizer, and is easily absorbed and utilized by tea trees. Urea decomposes slowly at low temperatures and decomposes faster at high temperatures, so it should be used as a summer and autumn top dressing. It usually decomposes in 5 to 6 days and is absorbed by tea trees. The decomposition rate of urea is also closely related to the acidity of the soil. The higher the acidity of the soil, the slower the decomposition, so the fertilizer for the acid soil tea garden should be applied early. Ammonium sulphate: ammonium nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen content 20.5% ~ 21.0%, physiological acid fertilizer, long-term application alone will make the soil more acidic, such as the soil acidity is not enough tea plantation ammonium sulfate is beneficial. Ammonium sulfate is fast-acting, and can be absorbed by tea trees in 2 to 3 days. It is most ideal for spring fertilizer use. Ammonium nitrate: It is hygroscopic and explosive. It should be protected from moisture during storage. Do not slam after agglomeration to avoid explosion and fire. Ammonium nitrate is easily lost with water, and should be applied in the tea garden. Nitrided fertilizers include ammonium bicarbonate, ammonia, ammonium chloride, etc., but they are not suitable for tea garden fertilizer. 2 Phosphate fertilizers: general calcium phosphate: abbreviated as calcium, light gray powder, acidic, soluble in water, easy to combine with iron, aluminum and other insoluble soil into insoluble neutral salt. It is best to use it in combination with farmyard manure as base fertilizer. It is best to use topdressing fertilizer with nitrogen fertilizer, and the best fertilization effect in summer. Calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer: generally contains 14% to 19% of available phosphorus. It is a weak acid-soluble fertilizer. After being applied to the tea garden soil, it is gradually dissolved and released to release effective phosphorus under the action of organic acids secreted by tea roots and acidic substances in the soil. Long and long-lasting, suitable for base fertilizer application. 3 Phosphate ore powder: pulverized from phosphate-containing ore, containing more than 14% phosphorus, brown powder, slightly alkaline, is a poorly soluble fertilizer, slow in fertilizer efficiency, generally should be applied to tea garden base fertilizer after organic fertilizer accumulation and fermentation.

(3) Potassium fertilizers and compound fertilizers. The chemical potassium fertilizer suitable for tea tree application is mainly potassium sulfate, and potassium chloride cannot be used because it contains chlorine which is harmful to tea trees. Potassium sulphate contains 48% to 52% of effective potassium (K20). It is easily soluble in water and is a physiological acid fertilizer. It is best used in combination with alkaline fertilizers such as phosphate rock powder, and is mainly applied to the parts of tea tree where the roots are widely distributed. To reduce the fixation of potassium in the soil. Compound fertilizer is a kind of fertilizer containing two or more kinds of main nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and has broad application prospects in tea gardens. The active ingredients of compound fertilizers are generally expressed as a percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Compound fertilizer is divided into two types, namely, hydrogenated superphosphate, nitrophosphate, ammonium phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, etc.; mixed compound fertilizer is based on the needs of different fertilizers according to different periods. Flexible preparation. In addition, in some compound fertilizers, appropriate trace elements can be added to make a more complete multi-component fertilizer.

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