Engineers at the University of Maryland have created a new class of thermal insulation material that has a performance of at least 10°C, a strength that is more than 30 times that of foam, and is more environmentally friendly than foam or aerogel. The researchers call it "Nanowood", which is cut from ordinary wood (in the early stages of the experiment, it was selected from the American native Eucalyptus) and then removed all the lignin (the wood was brown/yellow and hard. The main reason).
The appearance of "nano-wood" after isolation for one year (before) under normal environmental conditions
When the color of the wood is completely "bleached" from yellow to white, it means that the lignin has been completely removed. In fact, this process is very similar to papermaking. After the wood is cut, it can pay attention to its texture.
Sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfite were boiled and then treated with hydrogen peroxide (hydrogen peroxide) to remove lignin and most of the hemicellulose. Then freeze-drying to keep the structure of the wood, rather than take paper as you think.
Can be processed into "volume", "paper", "block" and other forms
After the lignin has been extracted from the wood block, what remains is a very lightweight, white cellulose, the original scaffold structure of the wood. Compared with polyethylene or silicon materials commonly used for household insulation, the heat insulation effect is several levels higher.
At the same time, its tubular shape also imparts anisotropic properties. Heat can freely travel through the fiber strands, but in the other direction, it is not so easy.
Microstructure map - Heat is easily evacuated through the tunnel tube instead of passing through it, creating strong anisotropy.
Designers can use this feature to transfer heat to where they see fit, and stop it elsewhere - change the direction of nanofibers.
In addition, natural cellulose fibers also have low strain properties. In a one-way crash test, its strength was measured to be more than 30 times that of a foamed material (polystyrene). In addition, due to the overall appearance of white, its effect of reflecting sunlight is also outstanding.
Nano-wood in the laboratory
The picture above shows the process of turning ordinary wood into "nano-wood"
The study was led by post-doctoral student Tian Li and assistant professor Liangbing Hu. They believe this is a very attractive material, but there are still a lot of work to be done before it goes into the tens of millions of households, such as fire prevention.
After all, because of the highly flammable nature of wood, if you want to use it in the construction industry, you must meet the fire protection requirements. On the other hand, nano-wood has biodegradable, environmentally friendly properties, and is easily processed into paper, wood, or curled forms.
"Nano-wood" Production Process
Finally, the key to blocking large-scale commercial use of this technology is the cost of "drying, bleaching" the wood. If the cost remains high, it cannot be put into practical use in a short time.
Details of this study have been published in the March 9 issue of Science Advances.
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