Common fire extinguisher types and methods of use

1. Solid fires should be fired with water type, foam, dry powder of ammonium phosphate, and halo-alkane fire extinguisher.

2. Liquid fires should be fired with dry powder, foam, haloalkane, and carbon dioxide extinguisher.

3, gas fires should be used dry powder, Halon, carbon dioxide fire extinguisher to fight.

4, charged objects should be fired with Halon, carbon dioxide, dry powder fire extinguishers to save.

5. Extinguishing fire-fighting equipment for fighting metal fires shall be negotiated between the design department and the local* fire control supervision department. At present, there are no regular fire extinguisher products in China.

Second, the type of fire extinguisher and how to use it

1, portable foam fire extinguisher

(1) Scope of application

Suitable for fighting general Class B fires such as oil products, greases and other fires, but also applicable to Class A fires, but can not save fires of water-soluble flammable and flammable liquids in Class B fires, such as alcohols, esters, ethers, ketones Such as material fires; also can not save live equipment and Class C and D fires.

(2) How to use

The ring on the upper part of the tube can be quickly rushed to the fire. At this time, care should be taken not to tilt the fire extinguisher excessively, and it is even better not to take it horizontally or upside down, so that the two agents cannot be mixed and ejected in advance. When it is about 10 meters from the ignition point, the cylinder can be turned upside down. Hold the ring with one hand, and hold the bottom of the cylinder with the other hand, aiming the jet at the burning material. In the case of fighting a flammable liquid fire, if it has been burned, the foam is sprayed from far and near, so that the foam completely covers the combustion liquid surface; if it is burned in the container, the foam should be directed to the inner wall of the container to make the foam Flowing along the inner wall gradually covered the surface of the fire. Do not directly aim at the liquid surface to avoid the impact of the jet. Instead, the burning liquid will be flushed or flushed out of the container to expand the scope of combustion. In the fight against solid material fires, the jets should be aimed at the most intense combustion. In the event of a fire extinguishing, with the shortening of the effective spray distance, the user should gradually approach the combustion zone and always spray the foam on the combustion until it is extinguished. When in use, the fire extinguisher should always be turned upside down, otherwise the spray will be interrupted.

2, acid and alkali fire extinguisher

(1) Adaptation range:

It is suitable for the initial fire of the burning of Class A materials, such as wood, fabrics, paper and other fires. It cannot be used to fight a fire that burns a Class B material, nor can it be used to fight a Class C flammable gas or a Class D light metal fire. At the same time, it cannot be used for fighting a charged object fire.

(2) How to use:

When using, the upper part of the cylinder should be lifted and quickly rushed to the fire site. The fire extinguisher must not be placed on the back or tilted too much to prevent the two liquids from mixing and ejecting in advance. About 6 meters away from the combustion, the fire extinguisher can be turned upside down and shaken several times to speed up the mixing of the two liquids. One hand holds the ring and the other hand grasps the bottom ring under the barrel. The jet is directed at the point where the combustion is most intense. At the same time, as the spray distance is reduced, the user should push closer to the combustion site.

3, air foam fire extinguisher

(1) Scope of application:

Basically the same as a chemical foam fire extinguisher. However, anti-foam foam fire extinguishers can also fight water-borne flammable, flammable liquid fires such as alcohol, ether, ketones and other solvent burning initial fire.

(2) How to use:

When in use, you can quickly rush to the fire with your hand or shoulder blade. At a distance of about 6 meters from the burning, pull out the safety pin, hold the pressure handle in one hand, hold the spray gun in the other, and squeeze the pressure handle to open the seal or pierce it. Gas cylinder seals, air bubbles can be sprayed from the gun mouth. The fire extinguishing method is the same as the portable chemical foam fire extinguisher. However, when the air foam fire extinguisher is in use, the fire extinguisher should always be upright, not to be used upside down or lying on it, otherwise the spray will be interrupted. At the same time, you should always hold the pressure knob firmly. Do not let go. Otherwise, the jet will be interrupted.

4, carbon dioxide fire extinguisher

When extinguishing the fire, just point the fire extinguisher to or from the fire. Put the fire extinguisher out of the safety pin about 5 meters away from the burning object. Hold the handle of the horn root with one hand, and hold the pressure knob of the on-off valve with the other hand. For CO2 fire extinguishers without jet hose, the horn should be 70-90 degrees upwards. When using, do not directly grasp the outer wall of the horn or metal connecting pipe to prevent hands from being frosted. When the fire is extinguished, when the flammable liquid burns like a drool, the user sprays the jet of carbon dioxide extinguishing agent from near to far to the flame. If the flammable liquid is burning in the container, the user should lift the horn. Spray from the upper side of the container to the burning container. However, it is not possible to directly impact the flammable liquid surface with the carbon dioxide jet so as to prevent the flammable liquid from being flushed out of the container to expand the fire and cause difficulty in extinguishing the fire.

5,1211 portable fire extinguisher

When used, the handle of the portable fire extinguisher or the shoulder fire extinguisher should be brought to the fire. About 5 meters from the burning place, put down the fire extinguisher, pull out the safety pin first, hold the open handle with one hand, and hold the other hand at the nozzle at the front end of the spray hose. If the fire extinguisher does not have a spray hose, hold the pressure handle in one hand and the bottom part of the fire extinguisher in the other hand. First, point the nozzle at the burning place, and firmly grasp the open pressure handle to make the fire extinguisher spray. When the flammable liquid is put into a squib-like combustion, the user should aim at the flame root from near and far and sweep it left and right, and advance rapidly until all the flames are extinguished. If the flammable liquid is burning in the container, it should be directed at the flame and shake it. When the flame is driven out of the container, the jet will follow the flame until the flame is completely extinguished. However, care should be taken not to spray the jet directly on the surface of the combustion fluid to prevent the fire-extinguishing agent from pushing the flammable liquid out of the container to expand the fire and cause difficulty in extinguishing the fire. If the initial fire of a flammable solid material is saved, the jet is directed at the place where the combustion is most violent. When the flame is extinguished, measures should be taken to prevent it from rekindling. The 1211 fire extinguisher cannot be used upside down when it is used, nor can it be lying horizontally, otherwise the fire extinguishing agent will not be ejected. When using it outdoors, you should choose to spray in the upwind direction. When the fire is extinguished in a narrow room, the operator should quickly evacuate after the fire extinguishing. Because the 1211 extinguishing agent also has certain toxicity, to prevent harm to the human body.

6, dry powder fire extinguisher

The sodium bicarbonate dry powder fire extinguisher is suitable for the initial fire of flammable, flammable liquids, gases and charged equipment. The ammonium phosphate dry powder fire extinguisher can be used for the initial fire of solid materials in addition to the above types of fires. But none can save metal fires.

When the fire is extinguished, the fire extinguisher can be hand-carried or shoulder-fired and the fire extinguisher can quickly go to the fire. The fire extinguisher is put down about 5 meters from the burning place. If you are outdoors, you should choose to spray in the upwind direction. If the dry powder fire extinguisher used is of the plug-in type, the operator should grip the spray gun with one hand and open the lifting ring on the other. If the opening of the gas cylinder is hand-wheel type, unscrew it counterclockwise and rotate it to the highest position, then lift the fire extinguisher. When the dry powder sprayed out, quickly aim at the root of the fire. If the dry powder fire extinguisher used is a built-in gas cylinder or a pressure storage type, the operator should first unplug the safety pin on the opener, then hold the nozzle part at the front end of the spray hose, and the other hand will open the pressure handle. Press down and turn on the extinguisher to extinguish the fire. When using a fire extinguisher or pressurized fire extinguisher with a spray hose, the pressure handle should always be pressed down by one hand and cannot be released, otherwise the injection will be interrupted.

When a dry powder fire extinguisher is used to extinguish flammable and flammable liquids, fire should be directed at the main part of the fire. If the liquid fire that was extinguished burns, it should be aimed at the root of the fire from near to far, and shoot it from side to side until the flame is completely extinguished. If the flammable liquid is combusted in the container, the user should aim at the root of the fire and shake it so that the flow of sprayed powder covers the entire surface of the opening of the container. When the flame is driven out of the container, the user should continue to spray until the flame is completely extinguished. . When flammable liquids in fire-fighting containers are in fire, attention should be paid that the nozzles cannot be directly aimed at the liquid surface to prevent the flammable liquids from being spilled by the impact force of the jets to expand the fire and cause difficulty in extinguishing the fire. If the flammable liquid is burned in the metal container for a long time, the wall temperature of the container is higher than the autoignition point of the flammable liquid. This can easily cause the phenomenon of re-ignition after fire extinguishing. If used together with a foam fire extinguisher, the fire can be extinguished. Better results.

When using ammonium phosphate dry powder fire extinguishers to fight solid flammable materials, fire should be directed at the most violent place and fired up and down. If conditions permit, the user can use the fire extinguisher to spray along the four sides of the burning object, so that the dry powder fire extinguishing agent is evenly sprayed on the surface of the burning object until the flame is completely extinguished.