Common Well Types and Disaster Characteristics of Underground Rescue Knowledge

Common rescue equipment and precautions

(1) The hoisting equipment commonly used in hoisting equipment mainly includes ropes, safety belts, safety harnesses, rescue triangle brackets, fire-fighting ladders, ladders, and descents. In the rescue process, rescue workers mainly rely on rope traction to carry out rescue operations. During the up and down process, there is no focus on the entire process, and even the evacuation operation is required. Therefore lifting equipment is the most important part of the underground rescue. The hoisting equipment must satisfy a set of ascending and descending systems that do not malfunction, and a third party must provide protection on the ground. The rope length of the hoisting equipment should be more than twice the rescue depth.

(2) Excavating equipment Excavating equipment mainly includes excavators, bulldozers, pile drivers, shovels, and crosshoes. For the excavation work at the site of the accident at the falling well, the manual excavation speed is too slow, and the large excavation machinery is mainly used to increase the rescue efficiency. Therefore, it is also one of the important guarantees for the successful completion of underground rescue work.

(3) Oxygen replenishment and gas supply equipment The commonly used oxygen supply and gas supply equipment include blowers, blowers, smoke evacuators, air respirator cylinders, oxygen cylinders, forced air blowers, and mobile gas sources. For more complex rescue scenes, we recommend the use of a variety of equipment, such as the use of blowers or air respirator cylinders to supplement fresh air downhole, on the other hand, rescue personnel use mobile gas sources to save people.

(4) In order to accurately understand the depth, position and attitude of well falling personnel, and the degree of hazards downhole, the slewing equipment should provide the basis for the next rescue operation. It needs to rely on some necessary detection equipment. The commonly used equipment has a “snake eyes” life. Detectors , thermal imagers, toxic gas detectors, tape measures, high-intensity lamps, etc.

(5) Communication equipment Communication equipment is an important aid for underground mines. Using communication equipment, it can provide psychological guidance for the personnel who fell well and provide technical guidance to the rescue personnel so as to ensure the successful completion of the rescue work. Since conventional mobile phones and walkie-talkies cannot be used when there is no communication signal in the downhole, upper and lower communication can be accomplished by using a communication guideline.

Common well types and disaster characteristics

(I) Urban facility pipeline wells The well covers of water supply, sewage, gas, and electricity pipelines in municipal facilities in cities are often lost or damaged, and accidents that pedestrians accidentally fall into pipeline wells often occur. In many residential areas, due to the small diameter of sewers and poor sanitation, the drainage of residential communities is blocked, and most of the employees who frequently dredge sewers do not have training qualifications, and their safety awareness is not strong, which leads to the frequent distress accidents downhole. occur. The harmful gas produced by the clogging of sewers often takes human lives in a very short period of time.

(2) Engineering wells There are often abandoned mines, pile wells, and digging wells in some construction sites or mining areas. Due to negligence of construction or other reasons, these abandoned wells have not been backfilled in a timely manner and personnel accidents have occurred. Collapses, leaks, and other major accidents are often accompanied by accidents.

(3) Wells Wells are one of the most important sources of domestic water in the past. They are generally 0.7-2 meters in diameter and generally have a depth of several meters to 20-30 meters. During construction, workers can directly enter the wellbore to excavate earth and stone. This type of well is only suitable for the exploitation of shallow groundwater because of its depth. Due to the age and the limitations of excavation methods, these wells are prone to secondary disasters, such as the collapse of well walls, and it is difficult for rescue work.

(D) There are many wells in the country’s rural areas. These wells are generally several tens of meters deep and can reach hundreds of meters in depth. Villagers play such deep wells mainly to extract deep groundwater, which is used to pump groundwater for irrigation. . However, the wellheads of these wells are usually very small, usually several centimeters to several tens of centimeters, and are usually left unattended. Most of them are exposed on the ground or covered with simple shields. Due to the weak awareness of the general security of the villagers in rural areas, the fire stations are far away and the rescue force has taken a long time. These unattended wells often become the abyss where children are killed.