According to the report of the Physicist Organization Network on February 17, recently, Kent State University in Ohio and the Argonne National Laboratory in Illinois cooperated with living bacteria and inanimate lyotropic liquid crystals (LLCs), which contain solvent compounds. The combination of liquid crystals formed by two or more compounds in the interior has led to the development of a new type of active material, a living liquid crystal, which is expected to improve the performance of biosensors and is promising in the early diagnosis of diseases. The research team will present their report at the 58th annual meeting of the Biophysics Association in San Francisco from February 15th to 19th.
Live bacteria swim in water-based, non-toxic liquid crystals. The interaction between bacteria and liquid crystals creates a new type of soft material: living liquid crystals. Living liquid crystal is a mixture of living organisms and mechanical materials. It is an emerging flexible engineered composite material that can move under external stimuli and change its structure and properties. It can, like real organisms, absorb energy from the environment and transform it into storage. , used to drive the entire system movement. From bionic micromachines, sensors to self-assembling micro-robots, this functionality is critical in many applications.
In addition, living liquid crystals have excellent optical properties. It can provide a medium that can amplify tiny reactions at the micron and nanometer levels, which are the interactions between molecules and viruses, and can optically detect and analyze these reactions. These characteristics make bio-liquid crystals very suitable for use in the manufacture of sensing devices to monitor bio-physiological processes such as cancer growth and infection. In this study, through liquid crystal birefringence, only a simple polarization microscope can clearly see the rotational motion of 24 nanometer-thick bacterial flagella (1/4000 of human hair).
The researchers pointed out that by controlling the variable factors in the system, such as the amount of oxygen that the bacteria can obtain, the concentration of the mixture, or the temperature, it is possible to control and guide the active movement of the bacteria. This brings a new design direction: making microfluidic biosensors. The early stages of the disease are the easiest to cure, and early diagnosis can make most of the diseases economical and effective. Microfluidic technology has become more and more important as an early detection method for diseases.
“As far as we know, no one has done such a system work in previous experimental physics,†said Zhou Shuang, a doctoral student at Kent State University. “This new material has many potential applications, but The direct use is to design a new type of biosensor. This is just to dig out the first pot of gold from an open treasure house, and there are more things waiting to be done.†(Chang Lijun)
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