Establishing a long-term mechanism for fire safety of cultural relics

Among the many threats to the safety of cultural relics, fire has always been the greatest danger. In the event of a fire accident, the loss is incalculable.

Status: The fire safety situation is grim

According to statistics, from 2010 to now, there have been 34 fires or fire accidents in national key cultural relics protection units. In 2014 , the fire in the Dukezong ancient city of Shangri-La City, Yunnan Province, burned an area of ​​nearly 100 acres and destroyed 242 houses. In 2014 , the Qiandongnan State of Guizhou Province reported a fire in Beijing Dazhai, which destroyed 148 houses; in 2015 , Dali Prefecture, Yunnan Province GongChen building fire, has 600 years of history full of monuments were burned; from January 2014 to January 2015, five out Buddhist Institute Ganzi consecutive four fires, more than Sengfang damaged.

According to the “Registration of the 2016 State Administration of Cultural Relics Administrative Law Enforcement and Safety Supervision ” published by the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, the situation of cultural relics fire is still severe. 2016, the National Heritage Board received the report from the Heritage fires 14, a decrease of 9 ratio since 2015, of which 5 from the national cultural heritage, from the provincial cultural relics protection units 4, city (county) level cultural relics protection units 2 onwards .

Among them, 12 August 2016, Liaoning Province, North Town North Zhenmiao national cultural heritage tower due to lightning fires, the Drum Tower a layer of wooden structures were partly destroyed, most of the two-story wooden structure burned. According to investigations, the Beizhen Temple management and use unit has not tested the effectiveness of the installed lightning protection facilities in accordance with the regulations for a long time, resulting in the lightning protection facilities cannot effectively eliminate the risk of lightning strikes. March 2016, Hunan Nanyue Temple to burn incense and because of issues such as illegal use of electric ovens, continuous two fires occurred within a month.

Cause: Electrical hazards, loose management

According to the person in charge of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, electrical fires, loose management, and weak fire protection infrastructure are the major issues facing the current fire safety of cultural relics buildings. Among them, the largest number of hidden dangers of electrical fires in cultural relics buildings, some areas more than 30% .

“The installation of electrical lines and the installation of electrical equipment in some cultural relics buildings are not standardized, and the potential for electrical fires is very serious; some cultural relics units have lax fire safety management, the responsibility is not fulfilled, and the implementation of the system is inefficient. Some fire protection measures are in place at the site of cultural relics protection projects. Inadequate; the shortage of firefighting infrastructure in cultural relics is widespread, and fire-fighting equipment is not maintained for a long time, and there are phenomena such as aging, expiration, and invalidity.” The person in charge said that there are still some serious fire hazards surrounding the cultural relics buildings. There are a large number of units and residents, with large loads of electricity and fire, heavy fire prevention tasks.

Yu Jianhua, the director of the Fire Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security, said: “Since most of the cultural relics buildings use wooden structures, which have many flammable combustibles, and they have a large building density and lack of fire separation, once the fires can easily spread quickly, some of the cultural relics protection units are not standardized with fire. The use of open flames in violation of regulations, a large number of incense and candle burning, and the indiscriminate and severe aging of electrical lines, from the causes of cultural fires in the past four years, electricians accounted for 26.8% , and fire accidents accounted for 20.1% .”

Yu Jianhua said that most of the ancient buildings of cultural relics lack of fire-fighting water and lacked the necessary alarm, spray, and lightning protection facilities. Some cultural relics have a large construction area and volume, but only a small number of fire extinguishers are equipped to meet the needs of fighting the initial fire; many cultural relics units do not have a fire fighting and self-rescue team, and most of the built cultural relics are not capable of fighting fires. Remote locations and complex road conditions make it difficult for public security fires to arrive in time and deal with them effectively.

“The existence of these hidden troubles and problems is still a management issue in the final analysis.” The relevant person in charge of the Inspectorate of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage said that “there is a difference in the safety awareness of cultural relics and firefighting, the lack of management, the phenomenon of personnel off the job, the failure to implement the responsibilities, and the poor implementation of the system are all different. Existence exists."

Vision: Building a long-term mechanism for fire safety

According to Song Xinchao, deputy director of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, the National Bureau of Cultural Relics takes the fire protection and safety of cultural relics as a top priority. Starting from the aspects of improving the system, strengthening supervision, strengthening supervision, and investing more, it has taken many measures to continuously improve the fire safety of cultural relics. Control and management capabilities.

In 2016 , the State Council listed the State Administration of Cultural Heritage as a member of the provincial-level government firefighting assessment team. Cultural relics and fire safety became mandatory check items. For areas where major cultural fire incidents occur, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage urges local governments to raise the level of cultural relics and fire protection management in accident areas through special interviews, investigations, inspections, and on-site inspections. In addition, the establishment of a cultural relics unit unannounced visits to the system of fire safety, notice the problems found, targeted deployment of cultural relics fire safety hazards investigation and remediation, and continue to reduce and eliminate cultural fire risk.

February 2017, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage and the Ministry of Public Security Fire Bureau jointly issued "on the strengthening of heritage buildings Electrical Fire Prevention." April 2014, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage jointly issued "Guidance on the strengthening of historical and cultural cities, towns and villages and heritage building fire safety work." In 2014 , the State Administration of Cultural Heritage organized and implemented the “100 projects of cultural relic fire safety” to comprehensively upgrade the fire-fighting capabilities of 100 ancient cities, ancient villages, and ancient buildings with rich cultural relics and relatively weak fire protection infrastructure. At present, 70 sites have entered the implementation stage. In addition, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage also supports 100 to 150 national key cultural relics protection units every year .

“Public firefighting departments at all levels must strengthen communication and cooperation with cultural relics departments, establish and improve long-term mechanisms such as information interoperability, regular judgments, joint law enforcement, and risk early warning, so as to form a joint effort for joint management. It is necessary to review the design of fire protection projects involving the renovation and expansion of cultural relics. The difficult issues in the inspection and acceptance and hidden risk rectification provide policy consulting and technical support for the cultural relics department.” Yu Jianhua stated that the supervision of cultural relics and buildings cannot be equated with other general places, and the standards should be higher and the requirements more stringent.

The information in this article comes from the Internet and was reorganized and edited by China Rescue Equipment Network.