Lack of nitrogen. Before flowering, the plants are short, the plants are weak, the leaves are pale green, and then the yellowing. In severe cases, the leaves are cupped. In the late growth stage, the leaf margins of the base leaflets are completely chlorotic and shrink, sometimes burning. The leaves fall off and the yield is low. Control measures: early application of nitrogen fertilizer, can be used as seed fertilizer or seed dressing. When the nitrogen deficiency is found, the foliage is sprayed with 0.2%~0.5% urea solution or nitrogen-containing compound fertilizer.
Phosphorus deficiency. Early phosphorus deficiency affects root development and seedling growth. When phosphorus is deficient, the plant is short, stiff, dark green, and the leaves are rolled up; the buds are deficient in phosphorus during flowering, the leaves are shrunk, the color is dark green, and the petiole, leaflets and leaves are severe. The edge is upward, not horizontally spread, the leaflet area is reduced, and the color is dark green. Control measures: the application of organic fertilizer in the phosphorus-deficient field and the application of superphosphate or diammonium phosphate as the base fertilizer. When phosphorus deficiency is found, the foliage is sprayed with 0.2% to 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or 0.5% to 1% calcium perphosphate leaching solution.
Lack of potassium. The disease develops from the bottom up, the lower leaves first appear symptoms, the plants grow slower, the internodes become shorter, and they are clustered; the leaf tips and leaf edges turn brown, and brown necrotic spots or plaques often appear on the leaves. The tip of the leaflet is atrophied, the leaf is curled downward, and the vein is subsided. When the potassium deficiency is serious, the plant is "top dead". Control measures: The base fertilizer is mixed with 200 kg of grass ash. When applying long potato fertilizer for 40 days after planting, water is applied to the water with 150-200 kg of plant ash or 10 kg of potassium sulfate. It can also be sprayed with 1% potassium sulfate solution 40 to 50 days before harvest, once every 10 to 15 days, for 2 to 3 times.
Calcium deficiency. In the early buds, the young leaves of the buds showed a pale green ribbon, and the necrosis caused the lobes to shrink or twist. In severe cases, the apical buds or axillary buds died. The roots are easily necrotic, the tubers are small, and there are teratogenic tubers and necrotic spots in the tubules. Control measures: It is prone to calcium deficiency in soils with strong acidity. It can be applied with appropriate amount of lime to supplement the deficiency of calcium in soil or adjust soil pH. When calcium deficiency is found, the leaf surface is sprayed with 0.3%~0.5% calcium chloride aqueous solution every 3~4 days for 2~3 times.
Magnesium deficiency. Potatoes are crops that are more sensitive to magnesium deficiency. In the absence of magnesium, the tip, leaf margin and veins of the old leaves are chlorotic and expand toward the center. Later, the lower leaves become brittle and thick. Control measures: apply adequately decomposed organic fertilizer, improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, keep the soil neutral, and if necessary, apply lime to adjust to avoid acid or alkali. Magnesium-containing fertilizers such as magnesium sulfate or dolomite should be applied to the soil-deficient magnesium field. When the plant is found to be deficient in magnesium, spray 0.5%~1% magnesium sulfate solution on the foliar surface, and spray it 3~4 times every 2 days.
Boron deficiency. The growth of the root end and the stem end stopped. In severe cases, the growth point was necrotic, and the lateral buds and lateral roots sprouted long, and the branches and leaves were clustered. The leaves are rough, wrinkled, curled, thickened and brittle, wrinkled and twisted, chlorotic and wilting, petiole and branches thickened and shortened, cracked, corked, or water-spotted spots or link-like protrusions. The tubers have brown necrosis. Control measures: 0.5 kg of borax per acre of boron-deficient soil. When the plant is deficient in boron, the leaf surface is sprayed with 0.1% borax solution.
Zinc deficiency. Plant growth is inhibited, the internodes are short, the top leaves are upright, the leaves are small, the leaves have irregular spots of gray to bronze, and the leaves are curled upwards. In severe cases, brown spots appear on the petiole and stem. Control measures: 0.5 to 1 kg of zinc sulfate in the zinc-deficient soil. The plant is deficient in zinc, and can be sprayed with 0.5% zinc sulfate solution on the foliar surface, spraying once every 10 days.
Manganese deficiency. Symptoms first appear on the newborn lobule, which is light green or yellow after chlorosis between the veins, almost all white between the severe veins, and many brown spots appear along the veins. Finally, the small spots die and fall off, making the leaf surface incomplete. Control measures: Due to the high pH value of the soil caused by manganese deficiency, acid fertilizer such as ammonium sulfate should be applied to reduce the pH value. For example, the soil itself is deficient in manganese, and 2000 g of manganese sulfate can be applied per mu.
Iron deficiency. Symptoms first appear on young leaves, and the iron-deficient leaves are chlorotic and white, and the heart leaves are often white, called chlorosis. The initial veins fade and the veins are still green. The veins are darker in color than the mesophyll. The color boundaries are clear, and the chlorotic tissue curls upwards. In severe cases, the leaves turn yellow and even white. Control measures: spray 0.5%~1% ferrous sulfate solution 2~3 times on the foliage.
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