Cement and sand belong to the category of accessories in the renovation project and are indispensable engineering foundation materials.
First, cement
According to the color of cement can be divided into black cement, white cement and colored cement. Black cement is mostly used for building walls, hot-walled tiles, and ceramic tiles. Most of the white cement is used to fill bricks and other decorative uses. Colored cement is mostly used for ornamental projects on the surface of water or walls and some artificial surfaces such as terrazzo.
Cement is divided into different labels according to the difference in adhesion.
Cement can be divided into many types according to the composition: Portland cement, ordinary portland cement, slag cement, pozzolan cement, and fly ash cement. Our common cements are ordinary portland cement and portland cement. Ordinary portland cement is commonly used. The weight of ordinary bags is 50kg.
In April 2001, the country set new standards for the marking of cement. The new general cement standards are: gb175-1999 "Portland cement, ordinary portland cement", gb1344-1999 "slag Portland cement, pozzolanic portland cement and fly ash portland cement", gb12958-1999 Composite Portland Cement. The six major cement standards adopt the strength grade represented by mpa, such as 32.5, 32.5r, 42.5, 42.5r, etc., so that the value of the strength grade is the same as the lowest value of the 28-day compressive strength index of cement. The new standard has also unified the strength grade of China's cement. Portland cement is divided into 6 types of strength grades: 42.5, 42.5r, 52.5, 52.5r, 62.5, 62.5r. The other five cements are also divided into 3 levels and 6 types, namely 32.5, 32.5r, 42.5, 42.5r, 52.5, 52.5r.
Second, sand
Sand, also called sand, is an essential material in cement mortar. If there is no sand in the cement mortar, the cement mortar strength will be almost zero.
Sand from the specifications can be divided into fine sand, medium sand and coarse sand. The sand particle size of 0.25-0.35mm is fine sand, the particle size of 0.35-0.5mm is medium sand, and the size greater than 0.5mm is called coarse sand. Sand is recommended for general home improvement.
Sand from the source can be divided into sea sand, river sand and mountain sand. In the building decoration, the use of sea sand is strictly prohibited in the country. Although the sea sand is clean, the salt content is high, which has a great impact on the quality of the project. To distinguish whether it is sea sand or not, it is mainly to see if the sea contains tiny shells. Because of the rough surface of the sand, the cement has a good adhesion effect, but the components of the mountain sand are complex, and most of them contain mud and other organic impurities. Therefore, river sand is recommended for general decoration projects. The surface roughness of river sand is moderate, and it is relatively clean and contains less impurities. Generally purchased from the market, Saud had to be screened before being used.
Third, additives
The purpose of cement mortar additive is to strengthen its stickiness and elasticity. The main varieties are:
1) 107 glue (polyvinyl formal), because of 107 toxic, pollution of the environment, some domestic cities have already begun to prohibit the continued use of 107.
2) White latex (polyvinyl acetate emulsion), performance better than 107, but the price is relatively high.
Fourth, the deployment of cement mortar
In general, the proportion of cement mortar in home improvement is about 1:3 (cement:sand). The amount of water used should be based on the visual sense of the site. It should not be too dry or too thin. The proportion of additives should not exceed 40%.
V. Red brick
Red bricks are generally made of red clay. The colors are not exactly the same, depending on the soil quality in different places. In general, bricks made from red clay and bricks from coal cinders are relatively strong.
As the production of red bricks requires clay, at a certain point of view, it will destroy the farmland or natural vegetation, coupled with the problem of structural bearing, so now the country has already banned the use of red bricks in construction, but the author is in the kitchen and toilet There are reservations about the use of hollow bricks in walls because the problems caused by this are very annoying.
Red brick planning in 225*105*70mm (tolerance ±5mm)
Sixth, hollow brick
Hollow brick is a common main wall material in the construction industry in recent years. Due to its advantages of light weight and low consumption of raw materials, it has become the first product recommended by the national construction department. Like red bricks, common manufacturing materials for hollow bricks are clay and cinder ash. The general specification is 240*115*90mm.
Seven, sealant
The color brick sealant is a one-component cement-based polymer modified dry blend mortar. Powdered, general domestic sales are installed in small packages. Although it is relatively early in foreign markets, it is still new in the country. It has the characteristics of long-lasting, waterproof, pressure resistance, etc. It is a substitute for white cement of general caulking materials. It is used in advanced decoration projects and can fill various kinds of stone and tile gaps. There are two deployment methods:
1. Appropriate amount of fresh water (approximately 5.5 to 6.5 liters), and stir until uniform and free of particulate paste.
2, first add water in the barrel, then slowly add powder, and continue to stir evenly without particles, into a paste. Then put it to rest for 5 to 10 minutes and use it after stirring a little.
The gap for using the gap sealant should not be less than 1mm, and preferably 1-5mm. There is also a wide seam approach, that is, the gap is 6-12mm.
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