According to foreign media reports, a research team in South Korea has developed a high-performance ceramic fuel cell that can be powered by butane fuel. Because butane can be liquefied, it is easy to store and transport, and this new technology has also expanded the application of ceramic fuel cells to portable and mobile applications such as electric vehicles, robots and drones. Previously, due to the high operating temperature of ceramic fuel cells, it was considered to be used only for large-capacity power generation systems.
(Photo source: KIST)
The Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) announced that the Son Ji-Won PhD research team at its Energy Materials Research Center has developed a high-performance, thin-film-based ceramic fuel cell capable of using butane fuel at a low and medium temperature of 600 degrees Celsius jobs.
The ceramic fuel cell is a high-temperature fuel cell with an operating temperature exceeding 800 degrees Celsius. Low-temperature fuel cells, such as polymer electrolyte fuel cells, require the use of expensive platinum catalysts to compensate for the low catalytic activity. In contrast, the high-temperature characteristics of ceramic fuel cells allow them to use cheap catalysts such as nickel. Another advantage of high-temperature fuel cells is that, in addition to pure hydrogen, a variety of fuels such as LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) and LNG (liquefied natural gas) can be used with high efficiency and low emissions. Ironically, although high-temperature fuel cells can use cheap catalysts, they still require expensive refractory materials and production technologies. Another limiting factor is that due to the characteristics of high temperature operation, the switching process of this type of battery system takes a long time, which limits its application to large fixed power generation systems.
Many research groups around the world are developing thin film-based ceramic fuel cells, which can work at low temperatures without losing performance. Unfortunately, low temperature operation will cause the fuel cell to lose an important advantage, namely the ability to use a variety of fuels. When the nickel catalyst of the ceramic fuel cell is mixed with hydrocarbon fuels such as methane, propane and butane, the carbon generated during the fuel conversion process will be deposited on the surface of the nickel. As the temperature decreases, this situation will deteriorate and eventually lead to the battery Failure.
Dr. Son Ji-Won's research team used thin-film technology combined with high-performance secondary catalysts that are easier to convert fuel to solve the above problems. Using alternate deposition layers formed on the secondary catalyst and the main catalyst, the team was able to efficiently place the secondary catalyst at the fuel cell electrode closest to the electrolyte, thereby controlling only a small amount of secondary catalyst and effectively determining The location of the catalyst.
Through this method, the KIST research team successfully applied palladium (Pd), ruthenium (Ru) and copper (Cu) and other secondary catalysts with high catalytic activity at low temperatures to the nanostructured fuel cell electrodes. The researchers also confirmed that the latest thin-film-based ceramic fuel cells can use very cheap butane fuel, work at low to medium temperatures (500 to 600 degrees Celsius), and have high performance. (Author: Yuqiu Yun)
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