At present, spring wheat in the northeastern region has begun to plant land. In response to the rapid temperature rise this year and the poor public opinion in some areas, the Wheat Experts Guidance Group of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, together with the National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center, formulated the technical opinions on the spring sowing of wheat in Northeast China in 2018, and proposed to “emphasize strong gluten advantages and rational selection of varietiesâ€. To promote the technical path of crop rotation, improve the arable land, scientific fertilization and medicine, and suitable for planting, and strive to achieve a full seedling, laying the foundation for the harvest of spring wheat.
First, highlight the advantages and choose good varieties. According to the wheat quality and advantageous regional layout, give full play to the advantages of good soil conditions, large contiguous area and high degree of mechanization in the northeast spring wheat area, and choose high-quality and strong gluten wheat varieties with early maturity, high yield, drought resistance and lodging resistance, and take into account the resistance (resistance) stripe rust. Characteristics of major diseases such as scab. At the same time, the seed is treated with a seed coating or a seed dressing.
The second is fine land preparation and scientific rotation. In the autumn of the previous year, it was better to apply fertilizer in the autumn and autumn, and avoid turning the ground in spring. For plots that have not been landed in autumn, adhere to less tillage, no-tillage, deep pine, straw cover, and stubble coverage to ensure wind and moisture protection, increase snow accumulation, reduce wind and sand dust, and prevent surface soil loss. At the same time, according to the adjustment structure of the planting structure in the “sickle bend†area, vigorously promote the rotation of wheat and corn, soybean, rapeseed, miscellaneous grains and other crops to improve the level of cultivated land.
The third is to apply enough base fertilizer to replenish fertilizer. Adopting soil testing and formula fertilization, generally apply 5-6 kg of pure nitrogen, 5 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, 2.5-3.5 kg of potassium oxide, and apply as a base fertilizer at one time. Fertilization and sowing are completed simultaneously with the conditions of layered fertilization machinery. For plots that have not been fertilized in autumn, stop the seeding and sowing, fertilize and sow separately, but the interval should not be too long, and should be carried out on the same day or the next day. In the three-leaf stage of wheat, combined with weeding, 0.25 kg of pure nitrogen, 20 g of boric acid and 0.2 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate were sprayed. In the late stage of the flowering stage, 0.25 kg of pure nitrogen and 0.2 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate were sprayed in combination with disease prevention.
The fourth is timely planting and timely suppression. When the soil is frozen 5-10 cm, timely sowing, according to the characteristics of different varieties and seed quality to determine the seeding amount, the general mu seedlings 400,000 - 450,000. For the plots that have been planted and repressed once, the depth of sowing is determined by the soil moisture, and the dry plots are properly sowed, but the depth after repression should not exceed 5 cm. For sowing and suppression of non-completed plots, the soil moisture status after sowing shall be suppressed 1-2 times in time. After the soil is fully thawed, it can be repressed before emergence according to soil moisture and weather conditions. (Agricultural and Rural Ministry of Agriculture Experts Group National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center)
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