Since silicon materials are abundant in reserves and can absorb more lithium ions than graphite used in lithium batteries, it is considered to have the prospect of manufacturing large-capacity batteries. However, silicon particles expand and contract when absorbing and releasing lithium ions, and are easily broken after multiple charge and discharge cycles.
The team of Jillian Buriak, a chemist at the University of Alberta in Canada, found that shaping silicon into nano-sized particles helps prevent it from cracking. The study tested four different sizes of silicon nanoparticles, and determined the size to maximize the advantages of silicon, while minimizing its shortcomings. They are evenly distributed in high-conductivity graphene aerogel made of carbon with nanopore diameter to compensate for the low conductivity of silicon. They found that the smallest particles (only 3 billionths of a meter in diameter) showed the best long-term stability after multiple charge and discharge cycles. This overcomes the limitation of using silicon in lithium ion batteries. This discovery may result in the capacity of the new generation battery being 10 times that of the current lithium-ion battery, which is a key step towards manufacturing a new generation of silicon-based lithium-ion battery.
This research has broad application prospects, especially in the field of electric vehicles, which can make it travel longer, charge faster, and weigh less. The next step is to develop a faster and cheaper method to manufacture silicon nanoparticles, making it easier to use in industrial production. The research results were published in the Journal of Materials Chemistry.
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