Foam extinguishing agent Overview Foam extinguishing agent, also known as foam extinguishing agent, foam liquid, is an effective fire extinguishing agent used to extinguish flammable flammable liquids. It mainly generates a condensed foam floating layer on the surface of the liquid, which acts as a suffocation and cooling. Foam extinguishing agents are classified into chemical foams, air foams, fluoro-protein foams, aqua-film foams, and solvent-resistant foams. Wide range of applications.
Foam Fire Extinguishing Agents Foam extinguishing agents are generally composed of foaming agents, foam stabilizers, viscosity reducing agents, antifreeze agents, cosolvents, preservatives and water. It is mainly used to fight water-insoluble flammable liquids and general solid fires. Special foam extinguishing agents can also extinguish water-soluble flammable liquid fires.
Foam extinguishing agent classification
Foam extinguishing agent classification principle Foam extinguishing agent can be divided into chemical foam extinguishing agent and air foam extinguishing agent. Chemical foams are produced by the chemical reaction of an aqueous solution of aluminum sulfate and sodium carbonate. The gas contained in the foam is carbon dioxide. Air bubbles are generated by the mechanical mixing and stirring of the air foam fire extinguishing agent aqueous solution and air in the foam generator. Therefore, the air foam is also called mechanical foam, and the air contained in the foam is air.
There are many kinds of air foam extinguishing agents. According to the foam expansion ratio, they can be divided into low-multiple foam, medium-multiple foam and high-multiple foam. The expansion times of low-expansion foam fire extinguishing agents are generally less than 20 times, and the expansion times of medium- and high-expansion fire extinguishing agents are generally below 20-1000 times.
According to the type and application of the foaming agent, the low-multiple air foam extinguishing agent is further classified into a protein foam, a fluoroprotein foam, an aqueous film-forming foam, a synthetic foam, and an anti-soluble foam type. Medium and high multiple foam fire extinguishing agents belong to the type of synthetic foams.
Foam Extinguishing Agents Specific Categories Chemical Foam Extinguishing Agents (MP)
Commonly used chemical foam extinguishing agents, mainly acidic salts (aluminum sulphate) and basic salts (sodium bicarbonate) with a small amount of blowing agent (plant hydrolyzed protein or licorice powder), a small amount of stabilizer (ferric chloride), etc. After mixing, the foam generated by the interaction, the reaction formula is as follows:
6NaHCO3 Al Al2(SO4)3=2Al(OH)3 å3Na2SO4 66CO2
The chemical foam extinguishing agent generates a large amount of carbon dioxide gas after its action, and it reacts with the blowing agent to generate many bubbles. This foam has a low density and is sticky and can cover the surface of the fire and shield it from the air. At the same time, carbon dioxide is inert gas and does not contribute to combustion.
Chemical foam fire extinguishing agents cannot be used to fight fires that prevent boiled water and chemicals and electrical equipment.
The main component of aluminum sulfate introduced chemically soluble in water, aluminum sulfate can not be dissolved in pure sulfuric acid (coexistence only), sulfuric acid solution and sulfuric acid were dissolved in water, so the solubility of aluminum sulfate in sulfuric acid is aluminum sulfate in water Solubility.
Precipitated at room temperature contains 18 molecules of crystal water, 18 aluminum sulfate, 18 aluminum sulfate in industrial production. Containing 51.3% of anhydrous aluminum sulfate, it will not dissolve in 100 °C (dissolve in its own crystal water).
Aluminum sulphate is not easily weathered and loses its water of crystallization. It is relatively stable. When heated, it loses water, and the high temperature decomposes into oxides of alumina and sulfur. Heating to 77°C begins to decompose into alumina, sulfur trioxide, sulfur dioxide and water vapor. Soluble in water, acid and alkali, insoluble in ethanol. The aqueous solution is acidic. After hydrolysis, aluminum hydroxide is formed. Aqueous solution boiling for a long time can generate basic aluminum sulfate. Industrial products are gray-white flake, granular or lumpy, with a light green color due to low iron salts, and yellowish on the surface due to oxidation of low-valent iron salts. The crude product is an off-white, fine-grained structural porous material. Non-toxic, dust can stimulate the eyes.
The main components of sodium bicarbonate sodium bicarbonate (Sodium Bicarbonate), commonly known as "baking soda", "soda ash", "heavy Cao", white fine crystals, the solubility in water is less than sodium carbonate. At temperatures above 50°C, solids gradually decompose to form sodium carbonate, carbon dioxide and water, and they completely decompose at 270°C. Sodium bicarbonate is an acid salt formed after the neutralization of a strong base and a weak acid, and is weakly alkaline when dissolved in water. This property is often used as a leavening agent in food production. Sodium bicarbonate will remain sodium carbonate after the action, too much use will make the finished product alkaline.
Function and use: As a precipitating agent for rubber materials such as rosin gum and wax emulsion in paper industry, as a flocculant in water treatment, as a retention agent for foam fire extinguisher, and as a raw material for industrial aluminum sulfate alum and aluminum, petroleum decoloration Deodorants, raw materials for certain drugs, etc. Artificial gemstones and advanced ammonium alum can also be produced. Products with arsenic levels up to 5 mg/kg can be used for water treatment flocculants.
Air foam fire extinguishing agent (MPE)
The air foam is a common protein foam foam; it is a film-like foam group in which a certain proportion of foam liquid, water, and air are mixed with each other by mechanical action. The relative density of the foam is 0.11-0.16 and the gas in the bubble is air. The foam liquid is an animal or plant protein material that has been hydrolyzed.
The function of air foam fire extinguishing agent is to cover the surface of flammable or flammable liquid with a certain thickness, and to block the vapor of flammable or flammable liquid into the flame zone, so that the air is isolated from the liquid surface, and the heat of the flame zone is also prevented from entering. Flammable or flammable liquid surface.
At high temperatures, air bubbles produced by air foam extinguishing agents are rapidly destroyed due to thermal expansion, so they should not be used at high temperatures.
The aqueous solution that makes up the foam dissolves in alcohol, acetone, and other organic solvents, causing the foam to be destroyed. Therefore, the air foam is not suitable for fighting fires with alcohols, ketones, ethers, and other organic solvents, and it is not applicable to chemicals that avoid water. .
Dissolved foam fire extinguishing agent (MPK)
Adding an organic metal complex salt in the protein hydrolyzate produces a protein-based, solvent-resistant foam; this organo-complex salt comes in contact with water to precipitate an organic acid soap that is insoluble in water. When the foam is produced, the precipitated organic acid metal soap forms a continuous solid film over the foam layer. This layer of film can effectively prevent the water-soluble organic solvent from absorbing the moisture in the foam, so that the foam can be permanently covered on the surface of the solvent, thereby playing a role in extinguishing the fire.
This anti-solvent foam can not only save the fire of general liquid hydrocarbons but also effectively extinguish water-soluble organic solvents.
Fluorine foam fire extinguishing agent (MPF)
When the ordinary protein foam passes through the oil layer, it cannot withstand the pollution of the oil, and the oil contained in the foam itself is enough to make it burn after being raised to the oil surface, resulting in the destruction of the foam. Adding a fluorocarbon surfactant to the air foam solution generates fluoro-protein foam.
Fluorocarbon surfactants have good surface activity, high thermal stability, good wettability and flowability. When the foam passes through the oil layer, the oil cannot diffuse into the foam and is divided into small oil droplets by the foam. The small oil droplets are surrounded by uncontaminated foam and form an incombustible foam layer with small oil droplets on the surface of the oil layer. Even if the foam contains up to 25% gasoline, it will not burn, while the ordinary air foam layer contains 10 % of gasoline begins to burn. Therefore, this fluorinated protein foam fire extinguishing agent is suitable for extinguishing oils at higher temperatures and is suitable for submerged fire extinguishing.
Aqueous film-forming foam extinguishing agent (MPQ)
Aqueous film-forming foam extinguishing agent, also known as "light water" foam extinguishing agent, English abbreviation: AFFF, or fluorochemical foam extinguishing agent. It consists of fluorocarbon surfactants, non-fluorinated surfactants (chlorocarbon surfactants or silicone surfactants) and additives that improve foam performance (foam stabilizers, antifreezes, co-solvents, thickeners, etc.) and Water composition.
According to foam foaming agent solution foaming multiple (expansion rate) size; foam fire extinguishing agent can be divided into low multiples, intermediate multiples and high multiples of three. Foaming times below 20 times are called low multiples; 20-200 times are mid-folds; 200-1000 times are high multiples.
The formula for the foaming ratio is:
Foam multiple = foam volume / solution volume Foam extinguishing agent is usually used for 6-8 times the foam, less than 4 times can not be used again.
Foam fire extinguishing agent performance comparison classification name composition pros and cons save place chemical foam fire extinguishing agent
YP general chemical foam aluminum sulfate, sodium bicarbonate + hydrolyzed protein stabilizer foam thick, poor mobility, low fire extinguishing efficiency, can not be long storage
Class A and B water-insoluble oil liquids
YPB type
YP + fluorocarbon surfactant + hydrocarbon surfactant surfactant foam has small viscosity, good fluidity, good self-sealability, and high fire extinguishing efficiency. It is 2 to 3 times of the same capacity YP type fire extinguishing agent and has a long storage period.
Class A and B water-insoluble oil liquids, but not to fight water-soluble liquids Air foam Extinguishing media Foam extinguishers Protein foam Extinguishing agents Based on animal and plant proteins or vegetable proteins Concentrates in basic solvents Foaming liquids with suitable stabilizers, preservatives, and antifreeze additives The fire extinguishing agent has the advantages of low cost, stable foam, good fire extinguishing effect, and less pollution. However, poor fluidity affects the efficiency of fire extinguishing. The foam has low oil resistance and can not be used to extinguish oil fires from various types of petroleum products such as oil tanks, oils and other fires. It can also save wood, extinguish oil tanks, and extinguish fluoroprotein foam fire extinguishing agent on the runway of an aircraft. The fluorocarbon surfactants are configured to overcome the shortcomings of the protein foam fire extinguishing agent, and at the same time can be used to extinguish the tank fire. Good compatibility with dry powder (ABC type); can be used to save large-scale storage tank bulk storage, transfer transfer device, production and processing equipment, submerged injection method can be used, oil terminal fire and aircraft fire water film forming foam fire extinguishing agent fluorocarbon surface activity Agents, non-fluorinated surfactants and additives that improve foam performance (foam stabilizers, antifreezes, cosolvents, and tackifiers) and water compositions have low shear stress, low flow, and foam sprayed onto the oil surface. The rapid development of the foam and its ability to quickly extinguish the fire in conjunction with the action of the water film are suitable for fighting petroleum products and valuable equipment. The tank can be used as a foam extinguishing agent with a surfactant-based synthetic foam agent. Mixing with water in a certain proportion and passing high-rate foam extinguishing agent can produce hundreds of times or even thousands of times of foam
More than 1,000 cubic meters of foam can be produced within one minute. The foam can quickly fill the ignition space and isolate the combustion from the air, making the flame suffocation mainly used to fight fires that are insoluble in flammable flammable liquids. Such as leaks of oil tanks, fires in fire walls, and fires in warehouses, aircraft hangars, basements, underground block rooms, and coal mine pits.
Foam Fire Extinguishing Agents Foam extinguishing agents are generally composed of foaming agents, foam stabilizers, viscosity reducing agents, antifreeze agents, cosolvents, preservatives and water. It is mainly used to fight water-insoluble flammable liquids and general solid fires. Special foam extinguishing agents can also extinguish water-soluble flammable liquid fires.
Foam extinguishing agent classification
Foam extinguishing agent classification principle Foam extinguishing agent can be divided into chemical foam extinguishing agent and air foam extinguishing agent. Chemical foams are produced by the chemical reaction of an aqueous solution of aluminum sulfate and sodium carbonate. The gas contained in the foam is carbon dioxide. Air bubbles are generated by the mechanical mixing and stirring of the air foam fire extinguishing agent aqueous solution and air in the foam generator. Therefore, the air foam is also called mechanical foam, and the air contained in the foam is air.
There are many kinds of air foam extinguishing agents. According to the foam expansion ratio, they can be divided into low-multiple foam, medium-multiple foam and high-multiple foam. The expansion times of low-expansion foam fire extinguishing agents are generally less than 20 times, and the expansion times of medium- and high-expansion fire extinguishing agents are generally below 20-1000 times.
According to the type and application of the foaming agent, the low-multiple air foam extinguishing agent is further classified into a protein foam, a fluoroprotein foam, an aqueous film-forming foam, a synthetic foam, and an anti-soluble foam type. Medium and high multiple foam fire extinguishing agents belong to the type of synthetic foams.
Foam Extinguishing Agents Specific Categories Chemical Foam Extinguishing Agents (MP)
Commonly used chemical foam extinguishing agents, mainly acidic salts (aluminum sulphate) and basic salts (sodium bicarbonate) with a small amount of blowing agent (plant hydrolyzed protein or licorice powder), a small amount of stabilizer (ferric chloride), etc. After mixing, the foam generated by the interaction, the reaction formula is as follows:
6NaHCO3 Al Al2(SO4)3=2Al(OH)3 å3Na2SO4 66CO2
The chemical foam extinguishing agent generates a large amount of carbon dioxide gas after its action, and it reacts with the blowing agent to generate many bubbles. This foam has a low density and is sticky and can cover the surface of the fire and shield it from the air. At the same time, carbon dioxide is inert gas and does not contribute to combustion.
Chemical foam fire extinguishing agents cannot be used to fight fires that prevent boiled water and chemicals and electrical equipment.
The main component of aluminum sulfate introduced chemically soluble in water, aluminum sulfate can not be dissolved in pure sulfuric acid (coexistence only), sulfuric acid solution and sulfuric acid were dissolved in water, so the solubility of aluminum sulfate in sulfuric acid is aluminum sulfate in water Solubility.
Precipitated at room temperature contains 18 molecules of crystal water, 18 aluminum sulfate, 18 aluminum sulfate in industrial production. Containing 51.3% of anhydrous aluminum sulfate, it will not dissolve in 100 °C (dissolve in its own crystal water).
Aluminum sulphate is not easily weathered and loses its water of crystallization. It is relatively stable. When heated, it loses water, and the high temperature decomposes into oxides of alumina and sulfur. Heating to 77°C begins to decompose into alumina, sulfur trioxide, sulfur dioxide and water vapor. Soluble in water, acid and alkali, insoluble in ethanol. The aqueous solution is acidic. After hydrolysis, aluminum hydroxide is formed. Aqueous solution boiling for a long time can generate basic aluminum sulfate. Industrial products are gray-white flake, granular or lumpy, with a light green color due to low iron salts, and yellowish on the surface due to oxidation of low-valent iron salts. The crude product is an off-white, fine-grained structural porous material. Non-toxic, dust can stimulate the eyes.
The main components of sodium bicarbonate sodium bicarbonate (Sodium Bicarbonate), commonly known as "baking soda", "soda ash", "heavy Cao", white fine crystals, the solubility in water is less than sodium carbonate. At temperatures above 50°C, solids gradually decompose to form sodium carbonate, carbon dioxide and water, and they completely decompose at 270°C. Sodium bicarbonate is an acid salt formed after the neutralization of a strong base and a weak acid, and is weakly alkaline when dissolved in water. This property is often used as a leavening agent in food production. Sodium bicarbonate will remain sodium carbonate after the action, too much use will make the finished product alkaline.
Function and use: As a precipitating agent for rubber materials such as rosin gum and wax emulsion in paper industry, as a flocculant in water treatment, as a retention agent for foam fire extinguisher, and as a raw material for industrial aluminum sulfate alum and aluminum, petroleum decoloration Deodorants, raw materials for certain drugs, etc. Artificial gemstones and advanced ammonium alum can also be produced. Products with arsenic levels up to 5 mg/kg can be used for water treatment flocculants.
Air foam fire extinguishing agent (MPE)
The air foam is a common protein foam foam; it is a film-like foam group in which a certain proportion of foam liquid, water, and air are mixed with each other by mechanical action. The relative density of the foam is 0.11-0.16 and the gas in the bubble is air. The foam liquid is an animal or plant protein material that has been hydrolyzed.
The function of air foam fire extinguishing agent is to cover the surface of flammable or flammable liquid with a certain thickness, and to block the vapor of flammable or flammable liquid into the flame zone, so that the air is isolated from the liquid surface, and the heat of the flame zone is also prevented from entering. Flammable or flammable liquid surface.
At high temperatures, air bubbles produced by air foam extinguishing agents are rapidly destroyed due to thermal expansion, so they should not be used at high temperatures.
The aqueous solution that makes up the foam dissolves in alcohol, acetone, and other organic solvents, causing the foam to be destroyed. Therefore, the air foam is not suitable for fighting fires with alcohols, ketones, ethers, and other organic solvents, and it is not applicable to chemicals that avoid water. .
Dissolved foam fire extinguishing agent (MPK)
Adding an organic metal complex salt in the protein hydrolyzate produces a protein-based, solvent-resistant foam; this organo-complex salt comes in contact with water to precipitate an organic acid soap that is insoluble in water. When the foam is produced, the precipitated organic acid metal soap forms a continuous solid film over the foam layer. This layer of film can effectively prevent the water-soluble organic solvent from absorbing the moisture in the foam, so that the foam can be permanently covered on the surface of the solvent, thereby playing a role in extinguishing the fire.
This anti-solvent foam can not only save the fire of general liquid hydrocarbons but also effectively extinguish water-soluble organic solvents.
Fluorine foam fire extinguishing agent (MPF)
When the ordinary protein foam passes through the oil layer, it cannot withstand the pollution of the oil, and the oil contained in the foam itself is enough to make it burn after being raised to the oil surface, resulting in the destruction of the foam. Adding a fluorocarbon surfactant to the air foam solution generates fluoro-protein foam.
Fluorocarbon surfactants have good surface activity, high thermal stability, good wettability and flowability. When the foam passes through the oil layer, the oil cannot diffuse into the foam and is divided into small oil droplets by the foam. The small oil droplets are surrounded by uncontaminated foam and form an incombustible foam layer with small oil droplets on the surface of the oil layer. Even if the foam contains up to 25% gasoline, it will not burn, while the ordinary air foam layer contains 10 % of gasoline begins to burn. Therefore, this fluorinated protein foam fire extinguishing agent is suitable for extinguishing oils at higher temperatures and is suitable for submerged fire extinguishing.
Aqueous film-forming foam extinguishing agent (MPQ)
Aqueous film-forming foam extinguishing agent, also known as "light water" foam extinguishing agent, English abbreviation: AFFF, or fluorochemical foam extinguishing agent. It consists of fluorocarbon surfactants, non-fluorinated surfactants (chlorocarbon surfactants or silicone surfactants) and additives that improve foam performance (foam stabilizers, antifreezes, co-solvents, thickeners, etc.) and Water composition.
According to foam foaming agent solution foaming multiple (expansion rate) size; foam fire extinguishing agent can be divided into low multiples, intermediate multiples and high multiples of three. Foaming times below 20 times are called low multiples; 20-200 times are mid-folds; 200-1000 times are high multiples.
The formula for the foaming ratio is:
Foam multiple = foam volume / solution volume Foam extinguishing agent is usually used for 6-8 times the foam, less than 4 times can not be used again.
Foam fire extinguishing agent performance comparison classification name composition pros and cons save place chemical foam fire extinguishing agent
YP general chemical foam aluminum sulfate, sodium bicarbonate + hydrolyzed protein stabilizer foam thick, poor mobility, low fire extinguishing efficiency, can not be long storage
Class A and B water-insoluble oil liquids
YPB type
YP + fluorocarbon surfactant + hydrocarbon surfactant surfactant foam has small viscosity, good fluidity, good self-sealability, and high fire extinguishing efficiency. It is 2 to 3 times of the same capacity YP type fire extinguishing agent and has a long storage period.
Class A and B water-insoluble oil liquids, but not to fight water-soluble liquids Air foam Extinguishing media Foam extinguishers Protein foam Extinguishing agents Based on animal and plant proteins or vegetable proteins Concentrates in basic solvents Foaming liquids with suitable stabilizers, preservatives, and antifreeze additives The fire extinguishing agent has the advantages of low cost, stable foam, good fire extinguishing effect, and less pollution. However, poor fluidity affects the efficiency of fire extinguishing. The foam has low oil resistance and can not be used to extinguish oil fires from various types of petroleum products such as oil tanks, oils and other fires. It can also save wood, extinguish oil tanks, and extinguish fluoroprotein foam fire extinguishing agent on the runway of an aircraft. The fluorocarbon surfactants are configured to overcome the shortcomings of the protein foam fire extinguishing agent, and at the same time can be used to extinguish the tank fire. Good compatibility with dry powder (ABC type); can be used to save large-scale storage tank bulk storage, transfer transfer device, production and processing equipment, submerged injection method can be used, oil terminal fire and aircraft fire water film forming foam fire extinguishing agent fluorocarbon surface activity Agents, non-fluorinated surfactants and additives that improve foam performance (foam stabilizers, antifreezes, cosolvents, and tackifiers) and water compositions have low shear stress, low flow, and foam sprayed onto the oil surface. The rapid development of the foam and its ability to quickly extinguish the fire in conjunction with the action of the water film are suitable for fighting petroleum products and valuable equipment. The tank can be used as a foam extinguishing agent with a surfactant-based synthetic foam agent. Mixing with water in a certain proportion and passing high-rate foam extinguishing agent can produce hundreds of times or even thousands of times of foam
More than 1,000 cubic meters of foam can be produced within one minute. The foam can quickly fill the ignition space and isolate the combustion from the air, making the flame suffocation mainly used to fight fires that are insoluble in flammable flammable liquids. Such as leaks of oil tanks, fires in fire walls, and fires in warehouses, aircraft hangars, basements, underground block rooms, and coal mine pits.
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