Construction Technology Application of Polystyrene Board Thermal Insulation on Exterior Walls of Buildings Zou Wenli (Oil and Gas Karamay Engineering Quality Supervision Station, Karamay XU Wenli, Engineer of Oil and Gas Karamay Engineering Quality Supervision Station, Polystyrene Extruded Form No. 6 Hongxing Road, Karamay, Xinjiang Vinyl plate (XPS plate) is a rigid foam plate made of polystyrene resin mixed with other auxiliary materials and polymers, heated by mixing and incorporating catalyst, and then extruded by extrusion.The XPS plate has an ideal closed cell honeycomb. This type of structure can effectively prevent penetration of moisture, and if it is subjected to mechanical damage or surface damage, the water absorption rate can be extremely low, and the phenomenon of natural aging is less likely to occur. The heat conduction is blocked, so that its thermal conductivity is very low (a range of insulation materials, but also has a high compressive strength. It is due to the material's low water absorption, high thermal insulation properties, high compressive strength, aging resistance, etc. Excellent performance, XPS boards are recommended for insulation and energy-saving materials, especially in basements, roofs, etc. The areas with higher requirements for tidal insulation are more excellent in performance, and now China's construction of energy-saving insulation wall XPS board as a method of external insulation occupy a certain proportion, with XPS thin plastering external wall insulation structure Has become the main insulation system.
1XPS common quality problems 11 poor fire performance of the current board "External Extruded Styrofoam" GB/T 10801. 2-2002 provisions, XPS board combustion performance rating for the B2 level. Due to factors such as technology and material prices, many XPS boards currently available on the market fail to meet the requirements for Class B2 flame retardance, and there is no production plant to increase the cost. Production-level reality is that the board burns to the rose level and also belongs to flammable building materials. In the event of a fire, it will quickly spread along more than 60% of the cavity on the back of the XPS panel, creating a chimney effect. The destruction of the building structure and the release of toxic gases during the combustion process will threaten the lives of the residents.
The XPS board has poor adhesion to the plastering layer. The surface of the XPS board is very smooth after being squeezed, and the water absorption is very low, which results in poor adhesion to the plastering mortar. To ensure firm bonding with plastering mortars, anchoring plastic anchors on the boards must be used to increase the anchoring force, only local anchorages can be added, and the amount of polymer binder in the mortar has reached a limited bond, but Will increase the cost of mortar. The most ideal method is to perform interface processing on the XPS board surface, to pull the board surface, apply the surface mortar and adhesive, etc. The surface pulling can increase the adhesive strength of the mortar to a certain extent, but the problem of bond strength cannot be fundamentally solved only by pulling and pulling the hair. The board surface painting acrylic interface mortar is an effective way to solve the XPS board plaster adhesion problem, and when the mix ratio is appropriate, the poly ash ratio> 015 at the same time the interface mortar must have good flexibility to adapt to xps board The stress generated during deformation. Since the plastering layer on the board surface can be very thin, the cost of the entire external insulation system is taken up slightly. Although the effect of the binder or the mortar treatment on the brushed or brushed interface of the XPS board is very good, it will increase the engineering cost.
XPS has low anti-breathability and low permeability. It is easy to cause vaporous water not to penetrate through the XPS board and to accumulate in the cavity behind the panel to form liquid water. On the one hand, this will cause the mortar to remain in a relatively humid state or suffer from it for a long time. Freeze-thaw conditions are not conducive to frost heaving and anti-aging of the surface mortar; on the other hand, moisture is also likely to cause mildew, and moldy contaminated water will flow out of the board seams, which will cause adverse effects on users and wall appearance.
XPS anti-deformation large plaster layer is easy to crack XPS anti-density, strength is relatively high, the amount of its own deformation is large, and the tensile stress generated when the temperature difference becomes positive and negative pressure is also large, the release of these stresses is usually reflected At the joints of the panels, cracks in the surface layer, especially in the XPS backseam, are likely to occur, affecting the durability and appearance quality of the render layer.
2 The structure of the insulation system According to the different structure of the decorative layer, the insulation system can be divided into two types of surface structure: painted surface and brick. Its system construction practices are shown in Figure 2.
Among them, the bonding paste is a specially developed paste paste for XPS anti-adhesion, mainly based on bond strength and supplemented by heat preservation. The XPS inverse form factor standard requirements are as shown.
Adhesive Polystyrene Particles Bonding Insulation Slurry Requirements for Base Layers The masonry walls should be flat and clean; remove oil, waste slurry, and floating ash. Loose walls and weathered parts should be removed completely. If the surface protrudes >1mm, the block must be removed.
Treatment of the surface of the substrate must be done by spraying or rolling to evenly brush the interface of the substrate at the interface. ) Facing the control line wall surface to play the vertical, thickness control line. Vertical reference lines are placed at the corners of the external walls of the building and outside the window, where necessary to control the verticality of the paste.
Paste the XPS warming plate to pre-punced the qualified XPS reaction, and paste the surface evenly to brush the XPS anti-special interface mortar. Stick a standard thickness of XPS at the corners of the corners and doors, and pull the horizontal control line. The sizing agent is glued on the wall surface with the same XPS particle size as the adhesive powder. The XPS anti-sticking surface should also be evenly coated with paste, and the XPS board must be pressed evenly after being seated in time so that the board is closely attached to the wall and the two holes. It is also full of adhesive slurry, with a 2m length ruler and a wire The board checks the verticality and flatness of the board. The thickness of the adhesive-bonded polyphenyl granule bonded mortar layer is about 15mm, and the gap between the two plates with the imm width is filled with the slurry. The notches are not full and the XPS anti-two-hole opening is filled with the slurry and flattened.
When XPS encounters non-standard sizes on the wall, it can be cut according to actual needs. When cutting, the edges of the board should be neatly aligned with the board surface. The whole corner of the large wall surface must use the entire plate. When the non-full plate must be used, the width of the plate should be >30mm. The first step should be to arrange the plates in the horizontal order. The plates are glued up and down, and the corner plates should be staggered. Interlocking, the plate at the opening of the window should be cut into the shape of a knife, which is conducive to the formation of the whole.
White bumping to find the interface with mortar, mortar, screed XPS anti-paste 241 should be full after brushing polystyrene board special paste, spray or roller brush evenly applied to the surface, not allowed to leak brush; The sizing layer is adhered by powdered poly-phenylene granules, and the standard thickness of the control ash cake and striated ribs are made; after the mortar is sprayed on the surface of the polyphenyl board, the sizing layer of the sizing material is adhered to the sizing layer of the sizing material and the slurry must be leveled. Degree of quality requirements. It is not easy to paste the board construction technology 2008 supplement. Therefore, when the paint is used to make the finish, after the insulation layer is pasted, the control line for the drop tank is determined according to the design. With a paper cutter, draw a drip tray along the line, depth and width of each 15mm filled with anti-crack mortar, recessed plastic sink into the groove, with the cracking mortar firmly bonded, and remain flat. Attention should be paid to the anti-cracking mortar plastering layer construction, the anti-cracking mortar layer and the veneer layer after the construction of the thermal insulation layer for more than 3 days after the inspection and acceptance.
Paint finishes are applied to the anti-cracking mortar layer of the veneer and the alkali-resistant fiber mesh is laid. The edge of the alkali-resistant mesh cloth with a length of 3m cloth should be trimmed. The thickness of the anti-cracking mortar layer is controlled to about 3, and after wiping the anti-crack mortar equivalent to the area of ​​the grid cloth, the grid cloth should be pressed into the mortar layer with an iron trowel as soon as possible. The vertical and horizontal overlapping length of the grid cloth should not be allowed to overlap. The alkali-resistant mesh cloth at the inner corners must be crushed and overlapped. The lap overlap pressure is greater than 5mm. The lap width at the outer corners is greater than 200m. The alkali-resistant mesh cloth must be flat, free from wrinkles, and the full density of the mortar should be 100%. , At the same time, pressure leveling and straightening are to be ensured to ensure smoothness and verticalness on the large surface of the wall and at the yin and yang angles.
An anti-alkali mesh cloth should be added in advance along the 45° direction at the entrance of the door and window. The length X width = 500 should be paved with double-layered alkali-resistant mesh cloth, and the bottom layer should be paved with reinforced mesh cloth. The splicing of the cloth joints should be docked, and then the laying of the second-layer alkali-resistant mesh cloth should be carried out. The paving method is the same as above, but the mortar must be full and dense, and it is not allowed to form a separation layer. The bottom insulation of the building shall be provided with a special protective corner between the two layers of alkali-resistant grid cloth at the angle of the sun, and the height of the protection corner may be 2 å©. After the base-layer alkali-resistant grid cloth is applied, the corners should be fixed, and the already used mortar should be pressed with an iron trowel, and the corner should be covered with slurry when the mortar is applied.
Pay attention to the application of anti-cracking mortar 2h after the application of polymer emulsion elastic primer, mortar plaster layer is dry, full of scraping and flexible waterproof putty, brush finish coating to ensure uniformity.
After the tile surface finish is wiped and cured, wipe the insulation mortar the first time, and the thickness is controlled at 3m. According to the construction operation, it is convenient to cut the alkali-resistant grid cloth. The length should not exceed 3m. The paving process should ensure the formation of the grid cloth. Can not be folded into a corner. Firstly, U-shaped clamps were used to clamp the four corners of the grid cloth, forcing the cloth to stick tightly to the surface of the mortar. Then the 500-metre plum blossoms were distributed in two-way intervals. The plastic anchor bolts were used to anchor the four-corner nets on the surface of the base wall. The inner side of the window cavern, the parapet wall, the settlement joint, etc., must be replaced with cement nails at the end of the steel wire net, so that the steel wire net is fixed on the main structure. After finishing the laying of the cloth at the corners, the second pass of the mortar for cracking resistance shall be applied, and the four corners of the net shall be pressed completely into the mortar. The total thickness of the two plasters for the cracking mortar shall be controlled at 8 to 10 mm. The surface after wiping shall be smoothed. vertical.
After the mortar has passed the inspection, the tile work can be performed. After the anti-cracking mortar has been wiped, the surface shall be sprinkled to protect the surface, and the “Construction and Acceptance Specifications for Exterior Facing Tile Project†G126-2002 construction and inspection that can be carried out for more than 3 days shall be performed. The thickness of the adhesive layer of the facing tile shall be controlled within 3~4. The lining of the tile must be handled well, and the lining is made by using special bricks to glue and wipe the joints. The surface of the base layer is wetted prior to jointing, and the process is to hook the horizontal seam and then the vertical seam. The joints shall be pressed into the 2mm gap in the recessed surface of the tile to ensure that the surface is clean and tidy.
4 Thermal insulation properties of polystyrene board (XPS) 41 Relatively good fireproof performance As the board surface is bonded with thermal insulation mortar, its own fireproof performance has reached Class B of flame retardancy, thermal conductivity is lower than that of cement mortar, and fire is occurring. When exposed to high temperatures, heat transfer to the interior is low and slow, heat is concentrated on the outer surface of the thermal insulation mortar bonded with polystyrene, and the fire protection of the internal XPS board insulation is obvious. At the same time, the adhesive layer and reserve plate of the XPS board are filled with a bonded mortar. The six surfaces of the single polystyrene board are surrounded by the flame-retardant grade B mortar, effectively preventing the spread of fire and effectively solving the problem. XPS board thin plaster layer external wall insulation system fireproof performance of the lower drawbacks.
42 Improved bond strength and wind resistance The interfacial mortar based on acrylic emulsion as the main binder can be used to effectively affix the bright and clean XPS board. This type of mortar has very good flexibility and can withstand freezing and thawing cycles in winter. No damage has occurred afterwards, ensuring normal use at low temperatures and freeze-thaw conditions.
Adhesive mortar is full of XPS board. Compared with XPS board, thin plaster system is better with cement polymer strips and dot frame stickers. Now the full patch system is non-cavity structure, wind pressure is especially negative wind resistance. The pressure capacity will greatly exceed the thin plastering system of the XPS board. This type of construction system can be widely used on high-rise and super-high-rise exterior walls.
43 Water Vapor Infiltration and Integral Strength Improvement The water vapor permeability coefficient of the paste used in the screeding layer is very low, and is detected by the relevant department as 14 g (Pa.ms water vapor permeability is nearly 6 times that of the XPS board. And the board seam improves its breathability, and at the same time, it is equivalent to adding anchor grooving around the XPS board and the middle hole, and each board increases the tensile stress of 065 kN, which greatly enhances the board's anchoring force. Filled with adhesive and thermal insulation mortar, the overall performance of tight seam insulation layer is high. When the temperature difference of the sheet is deformed, the tensile stress will be dispersed by the six levels of bonded leveling slurry. The crack resistance is more prominent and the durability performance is better. it is good.
44 The anti-cracking performance has greatly improved the paste construction of exterior facing tiles. The construction of the facing brick paste must be in accordance with the system structure of the existing toe flexible layer-by-layer gradient can better reflect bookmark3 thermal conduction layer-by-layer gradual and flexible release of stress measures, select the two sides of the XPS board thermal conductivity between board and polymer mortar two The leveling of the slurry between the layers can effectively avoid the defects of the thin plastering layer system due to the large difference between the thermal conductivity of the adjacent materials and the easy generation of cracks, and effectively improve the stability and durability of the entire thermal insulation system. The material effectively controls the appearance of cracks and ensures the durability and quality of the insulation.
45 The overall performance is relatively good. The adhesive layer of the thermal insulation layer is a common plastering process. It is a direct plastering construction on a relatively flat base, which eliminates the leveling and picking work in the application of the XPS board exterior wall thermal insulation system. Accelerate the construction progress; at the same time, since the bond leveling slurry is also thermal insulation mortar, holes and seams have minimal impact on the thermal insulation properties of the XPS board, and the thermal insulation performance of the adhesive layer and the plaster layer thermal insulation mortar and the XPS board composite insulation performance Better, can meet the energy-saving design requirements of energy-saving effect of 65%.
5 concludes the exterior wall thermal insulation energy-conserving technology of XPS board glued with polyphenylene granules, adopts layer-by-layer gradual and flexible release stress, no cavity construction technology, and improves the thin plastering layer insulation system of XPS board. The disadvantages, fire resistance and wind pressure resistance have also been greatly improved, and the performance is stable and durable. It is currently a good exterior thermal insulation building structural system.
It has many advantages, such as flame retardant, non-toxic, corrosion-resistant, small volume-weight, low thermal conductivity, strong chemical stability, low moisture absorption rate, good hydrophobicity and so on. It is recognized as the most superior thermal insulation and sound-absorbing material with a wide range of applications. The board, felt and tube made of this material have been widely used in thermal insulation and noise reduction in the fields of construction, chemical industry, electronics, electric power, metallurgy, energy, transportation, etc.
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