Biodiesel is an important alternative to traditional petroleum fuels. It has the advantages of non-toxicity, high biodegradability and environmental protection, but it has high development costs. Because some of the most common practices in European R&D institutions today are the production of biodiesel from unrefined vegetable oils. Recently, Russian scientists have made progress in trying to obtain biodiesel from lake sludge.
Experts from the Federal University of Siberian Federal University and the Institute of Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences released a press communique a few days ago that they have developed biodiesel by developing silt at the bottom of the lake, which has greatly reduced costs. They selected Lake Bujachi in Siberia to conduct experiments and collect silt samples in lakes with different water depths. Then the bio-oil in the samples was extracted and purified to react with methanol under the action of a catalyst to produce fatty acid methyl esters. This material is cleaned and dried to make biodiesel. The test results show that the quality data such as combustion temperature, combustion calorific value and oxidation resistance of this "sludge biodiesel" are in conformity with the current European standards.
Kuchicina, a researcher who participated in this project, said that lakes that are shallow in depth and fully exposed to sunlight are usually rich in aquatic organisms and contain high amounts of organic matter. Therefore, silt in the lake is rich in microscopic algae and organisms. Oil and other organic deposits, these materials are raw materials for biodiesel production. However, the disadvantage of this approach is that the content of fatty acids in the sludge at the bottom of the lake is only equivalent to 0.24% of the total weight of the sludge after it is completely dried, which is far below the fatty acid level of common animal and vegetable fats and oils. In the process of biodiesel production, the fatty acid composition will affect the quality of biodiesel.
Fortunately, silt is naturally formed at the bottom of the lake. As long as the amount of mining and supply is large enough, it can compensate for the disadvantage of having a lower content of fatty acids per unit weight of sludge. Therefore, in general, the production cost of "sludge biodiesel" is still better than making bio-diesel from rapeseed oil, which will help small-scale fuel manufacturers to achieve profitability.
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