In the past, the main competitive focus of smart phones was on screen size and semiconductor specifications. However, the development of smart phones has so far lacked the “uniqueness†difference that can attract consumers to buy. Since the specifications of mobile phones are similar, smart mobile phone manufacturers have to use their brains. Move to the phone design. Plastics, metals and glass are the three most widely used materials on mobile phones, each with its own advantages and disadvantages.
plastic material
The more common material of the mobile phone body is engineering plastics, or more accurately, general engineering plastics. There are generally five general engineering plastics, including polyamide (PA), polycarbonate (PC), polyoxymethylene (POM), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), and polyphenylene ether (PPE). These engineering plastics are popular among mobile phone manufacturers because of their low price, strong plasticity and easy coloring. For example, Nokia N9, HTC 8X, iphone 5C and other color smart phones are all made of polycarbonate. It is the only transparent of the five engineering plastics and easy to color.
Of course, engineering plastics also have shortcomings, poor heat dissipation and serious environmental pollution. In addition, in the eyes of many users, the plastic body looks very cheap, no grade.
Polycarbonate
Polycarbonate is widely used in the industry as a material widely used in mobile phones. Polycarbonate is abbreviated as PC, which is a colorless, transparent, heat-resistant and impact-resistant thermoplastic resin. Due to its excellent performance and specificity, it has become the fastest growing general-purpose plastic material among the five engineering plastics. In addition, in some digital products, we can also see the label of the PC, and in the choice of color, polycarbonate material also provides a rich color choice.
typical application:
The Samsung Galaxy S and Galaxy Note series, as well as the iPhone 5c and Nokia's products from the N9 to the Lumia series, mostly use polycarbonate.
Body material characteristics and development prospects:
Polycarbonate is strong and hard, and the users have a good response. This phone does have good wear resistance, even if it is under normal circumstances, it will not have a big impact, and the heat resistance is very high. it is good. In addition, polycarbonate is easy to form and is good for painting and coloring. Take the Nokia N9 as an example. It has many bright colors such as blue, black, red and white in the choice of the body. The disadvantage is that polycarbonate, like other resins, is susceptible to attack by organic solvents, and yellowing can occur under prolonged exposure to ultraviolet light.
Kevlar material
Kevlar fiber is an organic fiber produced by DuPont Chemicals, formerly known as “polyparaphenylene terephthalamideâ€, which is the fourth reinforcing fiber after glass fiber, carbon fiber and boron fiber. The tensile strength is four times that of organic fibers and the modulus is nine times that of polyester. In addition, because Kevlar fiber has a small specific gravity, it is very light. Because of its special nature, it has a huge role in the military, and is widely used in anti-missive coatings for armored vehicles and tank cars. With the development of technology, this Kevlar fiber is also used in the civilian sector.
Such a thin Kevlar fiber back cover
typical application:
Kevlar fiber is used as a model for lightness and thinness on the Motodroid RAZR mobile phone. The thickness of the 7.1 mm motorized blade can break the record on the road of ultra-thin mobile phones. The fiber, which is exactly 0.3 mm thick, makes it the thinnest mobile phone. The moto RAZR maxx back cover, which has just been introduced, is also a back cover made of this material. Its excellent wear resistance, tensile properties and water resistance are very suitable as a back cover.
MOTO RAZR XT910
Body material characteristics and development prospects:
The three most important characteristics of Kevlar fiber are light, thin and tough. The scratches of ordinary keys and coins can not leave any traces. They are also excellent in water resistance. However, as a fiber product, it is not enough in fire resistance. Of course, no one will be bored to burn his own mobile phone, and it is still easy to cut Kevlar fiber with scissors. Overall, the toughness of Kevlar's fiber is truly amazing, and it's no wonder people will use it as the strongest material.
Kevlar fiber scraped by the key "no pressure"
Carbon fiber material
Carbon fiber is a new type of fiber material with high strength and high modulus fiber with carbon content above 95%. The quality is lighter than metal aluminum, the tensile strength is 7~9 times that of steel, and it has the characteristics of corrosion resistance and high modulus. It is an important material in high-end aerospace to life sports equipment. However, since it is a conductor, carbon fiber is used for shielding or attenuating the signal on the outer casing of the mobile phone, so it is more often used as a reinforcing material and added to other materials to form a composite material.
Nokia 8800A
typical application:
Compared with mobile phones, carbon fiber is more common in notebooks, and the most representative mobile phone product is the 8800a gold version of Nokia's early positioning of luxury mobile phones. Vertu phones also have a carbon fiber series.
Body material characteristics and development prospects:
From the point of view of mobile phone brand manufacturers, carbon fiber material is a potential shell material: it has the elegant and sturdy characteristics of aluminum-magnesium alloy, and at the same time has the high plasticity of ABS engineering plastics. Its appearance is similar to plastic but excellent in strength and thermal conductivity. For ordinary ABS plastic. Due to the high cost of carbon fiber, only a few special mobile phone products have been selected as the outer casing material.
Metal Material
Metallic mobile phones are roughly divided into two camps. Firstly, they are aluminum body products represented by Apple, HTC, Nokia, and vivo. In addition, they are stainless steel products represented by Lenovo, Meizu and Xiaomi.
aluminum alloy
The aluminum material in the metal material is light in strength and high in aerospace materials. There are three types of anodized aluminum, micro-arc oxidation aluminum alloy and magnesium aluminum alloy commonly used on the outer casing of the mobile phone. Their materials are all aluminum alloys, but the process and technology reflected in the mobile phone products are slightly different.
1, anodized aluminum
Anodized aluminum refers to a layer of dense alumina coated on the surface of aluminum or aluminum alloy. Its chemical properties are similar to those of alumina. After plating, it can prevent further oxidation of aluminum alloy or aluminum products. Moreover, anodized aluminum can be physically dyed by electrolytic coloring, which causes the anodized aluminum that is commercially available to have other colors such as silver and black.
iPhone 6 series uses anodized aluminum
Representative models:
On the representative model, the iPhone 5 and iPhone 6 are made of anodized aluminum. Nokia's E7, a full-sliding keyboard smart phone, is made of anodized aluminum. In terms of color, the E7 is also available in black and silver.
Nokia E7 also uses this material
Body material characteristics and development prospects:
Aluminum alloy materials have always been poor in corrosion resistance, and anodizing technology can significantly improve this defect and greatly improve the surface hardness of aluminum alloy. In addition, the anodized aluminum material is elegant in appearance and can be used as a decorative function, which is why it is widely used in digital products. In addition, anodized aluminum also has good heat resistance and wear resistance, so you can definitely throw the shell and protective cover directly.
The blue version of the E7 looks very beautiful
In the production process of anodized aluminum, the reaction at the occurrence of the anode effect causes a serious loss of the aluminum liquid, and the aluminum fluoride generated during the electrolysis is also largely volatilized. The anode effect also produces PFCs gas, which has a destructive effect on atmospheric ozone. Therefore, this technology is very poor in environmental protection and does not support the concept of green low carbon. Therefore, it is unrealistic to carry out large-scale production, which is why micro-arc oxidation technology is expected to replace the anodized aluminum technology.
2, micro arc oxidation aluminum alloy
The micro-arc oxidation technology in English is called mirco arcoxidation, also known as micro-plasma oxidation. The main principle is to grow a metal oxide-based ceramic membrane by the combination of electrolyte and corresponding point parameters, under the high pressure of 10,000 volts, by the high temperature and high pressure generated by the arc discharge on the surface of the aluminum alloy. Floor. The shell after micro-arc treatment is also more than five times stronger than the original.
HTC ONES housing treated by micro-arc oxidation
Model representative:
Since this technology is still a high-tech technology, there are many shells for aerospace technology. Therefore, the current model using this technology is only HTCONES, although the mobile phone has been painted off some time ago. But the official immediately clarified that this is only an individual phenomenon, but I have to admit that the current technology is not fully mature in the use of mobile phone shell materials. Of course, I have to admit that HTC uses this technology to give the shell a refreshing feeling both in terms of touch and appearance.
HTC ONES
Body material characteristics and development prospects:
Micro-arc oxidation technology can change the process parameters to obtain oxide film layers with different characteristics, such as the thickness of the oxide film layer, its corrosion resistance and insulation, etc. Each corresponding oxide film layer can be applied to the unused field. In the equipment product. It also allows the layers to have different colors by changing the composition of the liquid. It is reported that the effect of micro-arc oxidation technology is better than anodizing, and it is expected to replace the anodization in the future.
3, magnesium alloy
Magnesium-aluminum alloy refers to magnesium as a substrate and is doped with metal aluminum. The advantage is that the light weight is only 1.8, and the specific strength is high, and the impact force is more easily absorbed.
Model representative:
Titanium alloy
The titanium material of the aviation material darling also has some applications on the fuselage. The titanium body is able to withstand a certain amount of impact without leaving traces. At the same time, titanium alloy also has anti-corrosion function. However, it is more expensive than magnesium alloy.
Model representative:
The most expensive model of the ZTE Nubian series is the titanium alloy version Z5. Titanium alloy has the advantages of high strength, good corrosion resistance and high heat resistance. However, in recent years, this material is relatively unpopular. The classic models have Nokia's 8850 and 8910 mobile phones, which are all made of titanium alloy.
Stainless steel
Stainless steel is not common as a mobile phone body, mainly because of its high density and difficulty in coloring. If you want to dye, you can only use the chemical coloring method with complicated process, which is costly.
Austenite 304 is a term used to refer to a stainless steel having an austenitic structure formed by adding appropriate nickel (a mass fraction of nickel of 8% to 25%) to a high chromium stainless steel. The advantage is that it is non-magnetic and has high toughness and plasticity, but the strength is low, it is impossible to strengthen by phase transformation, and only through cold working, so it also has good machinability. Austenitic costs are very low. But it also has a major drawback, that is, the thermal conductivity is poor.
Model representative:
Millet 4, Meizu MX, MX2, MX3 mobile phone
Millet phone 4 middle frame
Since the use of all-metal materials will increase the difficulty and cost of the process, and thus affect the shipment volume, the most common way is the mixed design of various materials. Among them, the design of the metal frame + plastic body is most favored by manufacturers. Because it can strengthen the strength of the fuselage, it will not increase the cost excessively, and it will also help the mobile phone to have a more rich texture. For example, the middle frame of the Xiaomi mobile phone 4 is made of austenite 304, and the back is made of plastic material. The same design also includes the Nokia Lumia 925/930 and more.
Lumia 925
Glass material
Glass is currently the third largest material widely used in mobile devices. Compared with metal and plastic, glass has the best hardness and impact resistance. The thermal conductivity is between the two, but it is more transparent than plastic. It is easier to color than metal, but the disadvantage is that it is fragile and has limited elasticity. Therefore, cell phones made of glass are often more fragile and almost all are graphic designs.
Smartisan T1
Representative models:
Glass has a lower impact on wireless signals, so glass-based phones can use internal antennas, but glass is easier to collect fingerprints than the other. The current glass-designed mobile phones include the classic iPhone 4/4S, Sony's Z-series and LG's Nexus 4, hammer phones, and more.
Reinforced ceramic
It is reported that the reinforced ceramic technology of the radar watch is to inject the extremely fine zirconia powder into the grinding tool through high pressure, and then to sinter the powder in the furnace through the high temperature of more than 1000 degrees, and finally to process the diamond powder to make the powder alloy. . Other reinforced ceramic materials are also recrystallized and fired in a fire of more than 1000 degrees Celsius.
Representative models:
Coolpad has introduced an N930 model with a HOME button on the body that is designed for ceramics. Huawei's sapphire version of Ascend P7 is also equipped with a ceramic back cover.
Cool N930 HOME button with reinforced ceramic material
Huawei Sapphire Edition Ascend P7
Body material characteristics and development prospects:
The main characteristics of the reinforced ceramics are that the overall weight is light, and the actual touch is also good. Like other high-tech materials, it has strong and wear-resistant properties, and this material looks beautiful. Therefore, I believe that the ceramic material will be strengthened. In the future, there will be more models using this material. Its wear-resistant and crash-resistant features are also believed to give you the freedom to get rid of the shackles of the phone case and the case. At present, Huawei is committed to the metal body, and is also committed to the development of ceramic body smart phones, but the ceramic body cost is relatively expensive and is currently not suitable for large-scale applications.
Liquid metal
In contrast, liquid metal is the real thing. Ultra-high strength, wear-resistant, scratch-resistant, anti-corrosion, and it is a one-shot molding. It is smooth without sanding. Liquid metal has been suitable for use in electronic products since its birth. It is a pity that liquid metal has always been rumored and no physical objects. As early as the iphone 5S came out, the body of the mobile phone industry was about to show up in liquid metal, then ihpone 6, followed by ihpone 7. The liquid metal fuselage has not been seen for 4 years and has only been used on some small parts. The reason is that the price of liquid metal is high and the problem of mass production has not yet been resolved.
Model representative:
The Turing mobile phone is the world's first liquid metal smartphone with an exclusive Liquid morphium liquid metal alloy that exceeds the hardness of titanium alloys and steel.
Prospects:
Liquid metal technology is well known as an apple, which is used as a card-taking needle. Its high hardness, corrosion resistance and high wear resistance are far superior to ordinary metals. Traditional metal materials are all in a crystal configuration. The amorphous alloy of liquid metal is ultra-quickly solidified, and thus has many unique properties, excellent magnetic properties, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, high strength, hardness and toughness. The above characteristics determine the future of the third generation of new materials for consumer electronics after engineering plastics and light alloys.
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